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DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

VOl.  1.  NO.  1      Fall.  1987 


Computers  nave  added  a  new  dimension 
lo  the  services  provided  by  the  Library. 
Articles  Inside  describe  the  new  automated 
systems  and  reveal  the  reactions  they  have 
prompted  from  stall  and  patrons. 


WORDS  FROM  THE  EDITOR 


The  birth  of  a  new  publication  is 
truly  exciting!  And  yes,  this  is  the 
first  issue  of  a  new  publication. 
Duke  University  Libraries 
replaces  three  former  library  pub- 
lications: Duke  University  Library 
Newsletter.  Marginal  Notes,  and 
Library  Notes.  Being  a  former 
serials  librarian,  I  feel  compelled 
to  include  the  following  informa- 
tion. The  last  issue  of  the  Duke 
University  Newsletter  published 
was  n.s.  no.  37,  October,  1986. 
The  last  issue  of  Marginal  Notes 
was  dated  March,  1987,  and  the 
last  issue  of  Library  Notes  was 
#51/52,  1985. 

Through  the  pages  of  Duke 
University  Libraries  we  intend  to 
bring  you  news  of  progress, 
changes,  and  developments 
within  the  Library,  as  well  as 


within  the  library  profession  as  a 
whole.  We  will  alert  you  to  the 
opportunities  and  challenges 
ahead  of  us.  We  will  solicit  and 
welcome  your  opinions  and 
suggestions. 

The  publication  will  appear 
three  times  a  year,  in  the  fall, 
winter,  and  spring.  Two  of  the  is- 
sues will  contain  feature  articles 
and  shorter  pieces.  The  third  is- 
sue will  be  the  annual  report  of 
the  Library.  It  is  being  distributed 
to  faculty  and  staff  of  the  Univer- 
sity as  well  as  to  Friends  of  the 
Library. 

Regular  issues  will  contain  fea- 
ture articles,  sometimes  grouped 
about  a  central  theme;  descrip- 
tions of  selected  new  acquisi- 
tions; news  items;  news  of  the 
Friends  of  the  Library;  a  letter 
from  the  University  Librarian; 
and  signed  letters  to  the  editor 
(Write!). 

We  want  to  provide  you  with 
useful  and  informative  reading. 
Send  us  your  ideas  for  future  arti- 
cles. If  there  are  library  services 
about  which  you  would  like  to 
learn  more,  let  us  know.  If  you 


have  questions  about  library  poli- 
cies or  procedures,  ask.  We'll  try 
to  provide  just  the  information 
you  need. 

The  theme  of  this  first  issue  of 
Duke  University  Libraries  is  auto- 
mation in  the  library,  and  in  par- 
ticular the  introduction  of  the 
online  catalog.  The  implementa- 
tion of  automation  has  brought 
many  changes,  both  to  those  who 
work  within  the  library  and  to 
those  who  use  the  library.  The  ar- 
ticles in  this  issue  will  acquaint 
you  with  some  of  these  changes 
and  our  plans  for  increased  auto- 
mation. 

The  editor  is  assisted 
in  this  new  endeavor  by  a  Publi- 
cations Committee,  the  members 
of  whom  are  Deborah  Jakubs, 
Michael  Shumate,  and  Lauren 
Williams.  I  appreciate  very  much 
their  guidance  and  helpful  sug- 
gestions with  this  issue. 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

VOL  1.  NO.  1      Fall.  1987 


What  are  these  students 
pondering  so 
earnestly?  (p.  6) 


For  the  shelving  ol 
books  there  is 
hardly  room.  (p.  21) 


Added  to  the  Library: 
A  history  ot  women's 
activism,  (p.  17) 


Catalog  cards  begin 
their  tourney  to  the 
dumpster.  (p.  8) 


WORDS  FROM  THE  EDITOR 

inside  Cover 

LETTER  FROM  THE  LIBRARIAN 

2 

FEATURES 

FROM  CARD  TO  COMPUTER;  THE  DEVELOPMENT  3 
OF  THE  ONLINE  CATALOG  A  cooperative  effort 
improves  access  to  library  materials  in  the  three 
Research  Triangle  universities 

THE  CARD  CATALOG  GOES  ONLINE  Automation  6 
changes  the  way  patrons  find  materials  in  the  library 

STAFF  REACTIONS  TO  GOING  ONLINE  What's  the  8 
response  of  library  staff  members  to  the  online  catalog? 

NEW  CIRCULATION  SYSTEM  WILL  ELIMINATE  CALL  10 
SLIPS  An  easier  check-out  process  is  on  the  horizon 

WHAT  DOES  "LIBRARY  SYSTEMS"  MEAN?  From  1 2 
microcomputers  to  the  Tandem,  they  handle  it  all 


LETTERS  TO  THE  EDITOR 

14 

FRIENDS'  CORNER 

15 

NOTABLE  ACQUISITIONS 

16 

SHOW  YOUR  SUPPORT 

18 

NEWS  NOTES 

20 

VICE-PROVOST  FOR  LIBRARY 
AFFAIRS  AND  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARIAN 
Jerry  D.  Campbell 

EDITOR 
Joline  R.  Ezzell 

PUBLICATIONS  COMMITTEE 
Deborah  Jakubs 
Michael  Shumate 
Lauren  Williams 


Duke  University  Libraries  is 
published  three  times  a  year  by 
Duke  University  Library. 
Durham.  NC  27706  USA 
(919)  684-2034.  It  is  distributed 
to  Duke  University  faculty- 
members  and  library  staff  and 
to  members  of  the  Friends  of 
the  Library.  Letters  to  the  editor, 
subscription  inquiries,  and 
changes  of  address  should  be 
sent  to  the  Editor.  Duke 
University  Libraries.  Durham. 
NC  27706  USA.  Copyright  (c) 
1987  Duke  University  Library. 
Designed  by  West  Side  Studio. 
Durham.  NC.  Typeset  by  Paste- 
Ups,  Ltd.  Printed  by  PBM 
Graphics.  Inc 


LETTER  FROM  THE 
LIBRARIAN 


These  are  amazing  and  remark- 
able times  for  research  libraries 
and  those  who  use  them.  Because 
of  the  advent  of  computers  and 
information  in  electronic  form, 
we  have  known  that  libraries 
would  change,  but  we  have  not 
known  precisely  how.  This  past 
year  in  Perkins  Library,  however, 
surprised  even  those  of  us  who 
thought  we  were  ready  for 
anything. 

The  great  surprise  lay  in  the  in- 
creased use  of  almost  every  facet 
of  the  library.  In  fact,  the  library 
experienced  the  greatest  activity 
ever  recorded.  And  this  use  was 
not  up  by  a  fraction,  it  was  up  by 
leaps  and  bounds.  Routine  circu- 
lation soared  30%.  Reference 
questions  were  up  by  12.4%.  The 
use  of  the  public  documents  and 
maps  collection  increased  by 
62%.  It  was  by  all  measures  a 
phenomenal  library  year. 

A  gratified  and  tired  staff  has 
looked  back  to  discover  what 


caused  this  new  rush  to  the 
library.  While  many  factors  con- 
tributed, one  stood  out  above  the 
rest:  the  fast  and  versatile  access 
to  information  provided  by  the 
computer.  This  was  the  first  year 
of  the  Duke  Online  Catalog,  a 
catalog  which  reveals  many  of  the 
library  holdings  at  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  and  North 
Carolina  State  University  as  well 
as  those  at  Duke.  It  was  also  the 
first  year  of  the  use  of  indexes  on 
compact  computer  disks. 

We  seldom  stop  to  think  just 
how  large  the  body  of  collected 
human  knowledge  has  become. 
At  Duke  alone,  we  hold  over 
3,600,000  books,  1,500,000 
government  documents,  and 
numerous  electronic  databases.  In 
the  Research  Triangle  Area,  we 
would  find  over  ten  million  items. 
The  count  is  growing.  We  seldom 
stop  to  think,  as  well,  just  how 
imposing  a  task  it  can  be  to  find 
a  single  item  among  such  a 
wealth  of  resources. 

Enter  the  computer.  It  is 
neither  easy  nor  inexpensive  to 
automate  a  research  library,  but 


the  benefits  are  tremendous.  The 
computer,  with  its  ability  to  store 
and  retrieve  vast  quantities  of  in- 
formation in  seconds,  provides  an 
unparalleled  capacity  to  discover 
the  needle  in  the  research 
haystack.  Our  experience  during 
the  past  year  demonstrates  not 
only  that  the  technology  works 
but  also  that  the  scholar  has  a 
hunger  for  this  better  means  to 
find  the  information  which  con- 
stitutes the  raw  material  for  his 
research. 

More  changes  for  the  library  lie 
ahead.  Our  excitement  and  the 
surprises  will  not  soon  abate.  As 
the  scope  of  human  knowledge 
rapidly  expands,  we  must  and 
will  increase  the  use  of  computer 
technology  to  store  it,  find  our 
way  through  it,  and  retrieve  from 
it.  Perhaps,  in  the  not  too  distant 
future,  the  holdings  of  Perkins 
Library  will  be  available  within 
the  walls  of  your  own  study— on 
call  through  your  own  personal 
computer. 


In  July  1986  an  online  catalog 
was  installed  in  the  Duke 
Libraries.  The  catalog  was  devel- 
oped through  a  joint  project  with 
the  libraries  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill  and 
North  Carolina  State  University. 
At  Duke  the  libraries  involved 
were  the  Perkins  Library  and  its 
branches,  the  Medical  Center 
Library,  the  Law  Library,  and  the 
Fuqua  School  of  Business  Library. 
From  UNC-CH  the  libraries  were 
the  Academic  Affairs  Library  and 
the  Health  Sciences  Library.  At 
NC  State,  it  was  the  D.  H.  Hill 
Library  and  its  branches.  The 
libraries  of  the  three  universities 
form  the  Triangle  Research 
Libraries  Network  (TRLN).  Duke 
has  been  an  active  participant  in 
the  founding  and  development  of 
the  network  and  its  online 
catalog. 

A  long  history  of  cooperation 
exists  among  the  three  institu- 
tions and  particularly  among 
their  libraries.  Since  the  1930s 
Duke  and  UNC-CH  have  partici- 
pated in  various  cooperative  ac- 
tivities, and  in  the  1950s  NC  State 
joined  them.  In  1976  the  directors 
of  the  libraries  at  the  three  insti- 
tutions, seeking  to  expand  the 
scope  of  this  cooperation,  formed 
the  Triangle  Universities  Libraries 
Cooperation  Committee  (TULCC). 
They  were  particularly  interested 
in  the  possibilities  of  using  com- 
puters to  improve  services  in  the 
libraries.  They  perceived  that 
working  jointly  to  develop  auto- 
mation offered  opportunities  for 


increasing  cooperation  as  well  as 
achieving  a  product  that  might 
otherwise  be  prohibitively  expen- 
sive for  the  individual  libraries. 

In  1978  TULCC  hired  consul- 
tants to  propose  a  detailed  plan 
for  cooperative  automation  de- 
velopment. The  consultants 
recommended  that  the  libraries 
form  a  network  with  the  goal  of 
developing  automation  in  the 
libraries.  They  suggested  that  a 
"distributed"  system  be  built.  In 
such  a  system,  each  of  the  univer- 
sities would  have  its  own 
minicomputer  and  its  own  data- 
bases such  as  the  online  catalog. 
However,  the  software  to  run  the 
computers  and  support  the  data- 
bases would  be  built  jointly,  so 
that  information  in  one  library's 
system  would  be  available  to  the 
others  through  a  computer  link- 
age. While  providing  some  in- 
dependence, the  distributed 
model  would  require  the  libraries 
to  agree  upon  basic  parts  of  the 
system  as  well  as  certain  process- 
es and  procedures,  to  allow  infor- 
mation to  be  shared. 

The  envisioned  system  would 
include: 

•  an  online  catalog  to  replace  the 
card  catalog, 

•  an  online  circulation  system  to 
facilitate  checking  out  books 
from  the  libraries, 

•  an  online  acquisitions  system 
to  provide  information  about 
what  had  been  ordered  and 
received, 

•  an  online  serials  system  to  give 
ready  information  about  which 
journal  and  periodical  issues 
were  available,  and 

•  an  authority  control  system  to 
make  it  easier  to  find  materials 
in  the  catalog. 

Following  the  recommenda- 
tions in  the  report,  TULCC  ap- 


pointed subcommittees  and  task 
forces  to  begin  the  process  of 
describing  the  activities  and  tasks 
the  automated  system  would  have 
to  support.  The  beginning  focus 
was  on  the  online  catalog.  A  U.S. 
Department  of  Education  Title  II- 
C  grant  provided  funding.  In  1980 
the  name  Triangle  Research 
Libraries  Network  (TRLN)  was 
adopted  to  identify  the  project. 
With  the  aid  of  the  Title  ll-C 
grant,  TRLN  hired  staff  and 
bought  a  Tandem  computer  for 
system  development.  Both  the 
computer  and  staff  were  housed 
in  the  Academic  Affairs  Library  at 
UNC-CH. 

Since  1979  the  organization 
and  structure  of  the  development 
activity  through  TRLN  has 
evolved.  In  the  early  days  there 
was  a  project  director,  Jim  Govan 
from  UNC-CH;  a  project  coordina- 
tor, Joe  Hewitt  from  UNC-CH;  a 
TRLN  staff  of  two; 
and  a  number  of 
committees  com- 
posed of  librarians 
from  the  three  insti- 
tutions. One  of  these 
committees,  the 
Coordinating  Com- 
mittee, bore  respon- 
sibility for  general 
decision  making  and 
oversight. 

Greatly  expanded,  the  TRLN 
staff  now  includes  a  director, 
analysts,  programmers,  technical 
specialists,  and  an  administrative 
assistant.  Two  of  the  TRLN  staff 
have  been  involved  with  the 
project  from  the  outset:  Jeanne 
Sawyer,  the  Director,  and 
Gwyneth  Duncan,  the  Systems 
Analyst.  A  Board  of  Directors 
governs  TRLN.  The  members  of 
the  Board  are  the  directors  of  all 
the  member  libraries  and  selected 
university  officials.  General  deci- 
sion making  and  oversight  are  the 
responsibility  of  the  Executive 


FROM  CARD  TO 
COMPUTER:  THE 
DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE 
ONLINE  CATALOG 

J  AYE  BAUSSER 
AUTOMATION  LIBRARIAN 


Committee  of  the  Board,  current- 
ly comprised  of  the  directors  of 
the  academic  libraries  on  each 
campus  plus  one  director  from 
one  of  the  professional  school 
libraries. 

Early  in  the 
project  there  were  a 
number  of  task 
forces  and  commit- 
tees which  were 
responsible  for  iden- 
tifying the  specifications  of  the 
online  system  and  making  policy 
decisions  to  facilitate  develop- 
ment. Since  this  was  to  be  a 
cooperative  development,  it  was 
important  that  the  libraries  agree 
upon  certain  conventions  and 
standards  as  well  as  determine 
specifications.  Many  com- 
promises had  to  be  made  and  the 
early  process  was  slow;  however, 
a  significant  result  of  this  com- 


mittee method  was  a  strong  bond 
of  cooperation  and  commitment 
on  the  part  of  those  library  staff 
who  served  on  the  task  forces 
and  committees. 

Since  much  of  the  design  work 
and  policy  decisions  have  been 
formulated,  the  need  for  extensive 
committee  involvement  has 
diminished.  Some  committees  are 
still  finishing  up  design  specifica- 
tions, but  on  the  whole  they  now 
function  in  an  advisory  capacity, 
working  with  TRLN  or  other  staff 
assigned  to  them.  For  example, 
the  Circulation  Committee 
reviews  the  work  of  the  analyst 
who  is  creating  the  design  specifi- 
cations and  offers  suggestions. 
Although  the  analyst  seeks  that 
committee's  input,  the  major  de- 
sign work  is  accomplished  by  the 
analyst.  In  this  particular  case, 
the  analyst  is  a  Duke  librarian, 
Jim  Coble,  assigned  to  work  part- 
time  with  TRLN. 

Especially  important  are  the 
Cataloging  Policy  Advisory  Com- 
mittee and  the  Public  Interface 
Advisory  Committee  (formerly  the 
Systems  Advisory  Committee). 
TRLN  staff  and  analysts  rely  on 
these  two  committees  to  assist 
not  only  with  design  and  im- 
plementation concerns  but  also 
with  issues  related  to  ongoing 
support  of  the  system.  For  exam- 
ple, questions  regarding  catalog- 
ing policy  in  which 
standardization  among  the 
libraries  is  needed  are  referred  to 
the  Cataloging  Policy  Advisory 
Committee. 


A  patron  studies  intently 
an  online  catalog  entry 


A  number  of  accomplishments 
have  been  achieved  by  the  TRLN 
staff  and  the  committees.  Early 
on,  the  focus  was  on  database  de- 
velopment. Since  all  the  libraries 
use  the  OCLC  system  (an  interna- 
tional online  cataloging  database) 
for  cataloging,  and  since  OCLC 
produces  machine-readable  cata- 
log records,  the  basis  for  database 
development  existed.  However, 
the  libraries  had  to  determine 
standards  for  using  OCLC  so  that 
data  would  be  consistent  and  usa- 
ble. An  example  of  an  important 
product  of  early  committee  work 
was  a  system  to  receive  and 
process  the  records  from  OCLC, 
called  the  Archive  Tape  Process- 
ing System. 

With  the  development  of  a 
means  to  manipulate  the 
machine-  readable  records 
received  from  OCLC,  it  was  possi- 
ble to  produce  a  joint  microfiche 
catalog  of  those  records.  This 
product  facilitated  cooperative  in- 
terlibrary  lending  and  collection 
development  activities  at  the 
libraries. 

All  during  this  period,  the  goal 
was  to  develop  an  online  catalog. 
Although  TRLN  continued  to 
receive  Title  ll-C  funding,  the 
universities  also  began  to  contrib- 
ute to  TRLN.  A  prototype  online 
catalog  was  brought  up  at  UNC- 
CH  in  the  summer  of  1984  for 
testing  and  evaluation.  In  the  late 
spring  and  summer  of  1986  it 
was  installed  for  general  use  at 
UNC-CH,  Duke,  and  NC  State. 
Since  then  TRLN  staff  have  devel- 
oped several  enhancements.  They 
added  searching  by  subject  as 
well  as  the  ability  to  dial  up  the 
catalog  from  outside  the  library. 
The  links  among  the  three  institu- 
tions were  established  so  that 
users  could  search  the  cata- 


logs  of  the  other  libraries.  Now 
the  system  allows  the  user  to 
search  simultaneously  all  three 
catalogs  or  forward  a  search  from 
one  catalog  to  another  without 
having  to  rekey  the  request. 

Design  and  development  con- 
tinues, for  the  online  catalog  as  it 
now  exists  is  only  the  first  phase 
of  a  total  system  that  will  auto- 
mate many  other  library  func- 
tions. Searching  by  call  number 
should  be  available  in  the  near 
future  and  provision  of  special 
searching  techniques  is  being 


designed.  These  techniques  in- 
clude the  ability  to  search  by  key- 
words, to  combine  terms  in  a 
search  (called  Boolean  searching), 
and  to  qualify  or  limit  searches 
by  such  things  as  language  or 
date  of  publication.  Specifications 
for  a  circulation  system,  an  acqui- 
sitions system,  and  a  serials 
check-in  system  have  been  writ- 
ten. Specifications  for  the  authori- 
ty control  system  are  being 
written. 

Perhaps  the  most  important  ac- 
complishment of  the  libraries  and 
TRLN  is  the  strengthening  of  the 
commitment  for  cooperation.  The 
libraries  now  think  and  plan  in 
the  context  of  the  network  rather 


than  as  three  separate  libraries. 
Although  the  libraries  have  differ- 
ent needs,  concerns,  and 
resources  for  implementing  auto- 
mation, by  working  together  they 
are  able  to  achieve  what  they 
could  not  do  alone.  Moreover,  the 
concept  of  developing  a  truly 
unique  research  resource  in  the 
triangle  area  is  made  real. 


Anna  Maria  Meadows 
looks  lor  an  Item  the 
traditional  way.  through 
the  card  catalog 


THE  CARD  CATALOG 
GOES  ONLINE 

JOHANNAH  SHERRER 
HEAD.  REFERENCE  DEPARTMENT 


Users  of  the  Duke  Libraries  found 
a  new  bibliographic  tool  in  place 
last  year.  An  automated  catalog 
was  introduced  in  the  fall  of 
1986.  It  is  the  result  of  a  coopera- 
tive effort  between  Triangle 
Research  Libraries  Network  mem- 
bers (Duke,  the  University  of 
North  Carolina-Chapel  Hill,  and 
North  Carolina  State  University). 
Library  patrons  are  now  able, 
from  a  single  location,  to  search 
for  items  in  Perkins,  the  branch 
libraries  and  the  independently 
administered  libraries  of  Law, 
Medicine,  and  Business.  The  elec- 
tronic catalog  allows  individuals 
to  search  for  books  cataloged 
since  1979— by  author,  title,  or 
subject— through  computer  termi- 
nals. In  addition,  the  library  cata- 
logs at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina-Chapel  Hill,  North  Caro- 
lina State  University,  and  Duke 
can  be  searched  individually  or 
collectively  by  library  patrons  at 
each  of  these  insti- 
tutions. 

The  significance 
of  this  feat  is  that, 
through  electronic 
access,  the  individu- 
al strengths  of  each 
library  combine  to 
project  a  collective 
resource  of  real  magnitude. 

The  electronic  catalog  has  dis- 
tinct advantages  over  the  old  card 
catalog.  It  is  much  faster  to 
search  and  physically  more  con- 
venient. Because  the  system  can 
combine  records,  patrons  may 
instantly  search  for  materials  at 
other  institutions.  Moreover,  users 
can  search  the  catalog  from  re- 
mote locations  such  as  dorm 
rooms,  faculty  offices,  or  homes. 

A  major  disadvantage  is  that 
the  electronic  catalog  represents 
only  part  of  the  library's  actual 


holdings.  Only  machine-readable 
library  records  are  available  on- 
line. At  Duke  this  means  that 
electronic  access  is  restricted  to 
those  items  cataloged  by  the 
library  since  1979.  A  program  is 
now  under  way  to  convert  the 
older  records  to  machine-readable 
format,  but  that  project,  utilizing 
current  staffing,  is  not  expected  to 
be  completed  until  the  year  2002. 
Meanwhile  the  dramatic  access 
provided  by  the  new  technology 
will  be  limited. 

The  system  in  use  at  Duke  is 
still  in  the  development  stage  and 
many  enhancements  are  either 
planned  or  under  consideration. 
Through  these  enhancements 
truly  creative  and  unique  innova- 
tions may  well  change  how  infor- 
mation is  gathered,  stored,  and 
retrieved.  The  level  of  creativity 
and  the  imagination  needed  to 
abandon  old  library  practices  and 
concepts  will  challenge  librarians 
at  all  three  institutions. 

At  Duke,  reference  librarians 
eagerly  await  the  advent  of  an  in- 
tegrated circulation  system  that 
will  permit  users  to  determine  if 
a  book  is  checked  out  BEFORE 
they  attempt  to  search  for  it  in 
the  stacks.  Other  desired  en- 
hancements include 

•  the  ability  to  specify  or  qualify 
searches  by  date,  language,  or 
type  of  material, 

•  the  ability  to  use  natural  lan- 
guage or  keyword  searching  in 
addition  to  the  controlled-term 
searching  currently  available, 

•  the  use  of  Boolean  operators  to 
focus  a  search  for  a  specific 
research  purpose  or  need, 

•  an  integrated  acquisition  system 
that  will  permit  users  to  identi- 
fy on-order  books  and  generate 
notification  slips  when  items 
are  available,  and 


•  a  user-driven  interlibrary  loan 
system. 

Available  funding  and  mutual 
agreement  among  project  par- 
ticipants on  the  merits  of  im- 
plementation will  determine 
whether  and  when  these  desired 
enhancements  will  become  a  part 
of  the  existing  system.  For  Duke 
reference  librarians,  the  most  sig- 
nificant impact  of  the  online  cata- 
log has  been  the  realization  that 
we  want  more  of  what  technology 
has  to  offer. 

Through  participation  in  the 
Triangle  Research  Libraries  Net- 
work endeavor,  the  Duke 
Libraries  have  the  opportunity  to 
use  technology  to  full  advantage 
while  evaluating  the  relevance  of 
traditional  library  practices.  Op- 
portunities exist  to  create  new  ap- 
proaches to  information  retrieval 
that  will  allow  users  more  direct 
access  to  services  and  materials 
than  is  currently  available.  How 
much  control  librarians  are  will- 
ing to  transfer  to  the  user  and 
how  much  control  the  user  actu- 
ally wants  are  critical  questions 
that  must  be  addressed  as  de- 
velopment continues. 

To  evaluate  our  progress  to 
date,  the  Duke  University 
Libraries  invite  you  to  use  the  on- 
line public  access  catalog  in  per- 
son or  through  dial  access.  Your 
comments  regarding  the  attempts 
to  improve  access  to  materials 
and  services  are  welcome  and 
will  contribute  to  the  future  de- 
velopment of  the  online  catalog 
and  its  various  components. 


LES  TODD 


THE  TRIANGLE  RESEARCH  LIBRARIES  NETWORK  INVITES  YOU  TO  USE  ITS 
ONLINE  PUBLIC  ACCESS  CATALOG 


The  online  catalog 
receives  heavy  use  by 
students,  laculty.  and  staff. 


What  It  Does 

Allows  online  searching  of  over 
one  million  bibliographic 
records  at  the  Duke,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  and  North  Carolina 
State  University  libraries 


If  you  have  communication 
difficulties  call  (919)  684-3695. 
Help  screens  are  available 
throughout  the  database. 


Requirements 

*  1200  and  300  baud  lines 
are  available 

*  COMMUNICATION 
PARAMETERS: 

7  data  bits 
1  stop  bit 
half  duplex 
EVEN  parity 
line  wrap  on 


Instructions 

*  on  campus  dial  811 

*  off  campus  dial  681-8822 

-  after  connecting,  hit  a  carriage 
return  or  press  (enter) 

-  at  "select  destination,"  type 
LIBRARY  and  press  (enter) 

-  at  the  connect  message,  hit  a 
carriage  return  or  the  (enter)  key 
and  you  will  be  connected  to 
the  catalog 

-  at  the  end  of  your  search,  type 
END 


YOUR  COMMENTS  ARE  ENCOURAGED! 


STAFF  REACTIONS  TO 
GOING  ONLINE 

MICHAEL  SHUMATE 
ASSISTANT  HEAD.  BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
SEARCHING  SECTION 
ACQUISITIONS  DEPARTMENT 


The  advent  of  the  online  catalog 
in  Duke's  library  system  has  re- 
quired adjustments  not  only  by 
patrons  but  also  by  much  of  the 
library  staff.  The  staff  whose  jobs 
have  been  affected  the  most,  of 
course,  are  those  closely  involved 
with  developing  the  online  cata- 
log, as  noted  in  separate  articles 
in  this  issue.  For  most  library  em- 
ployees, however,  the  change  has 
been  more  a  matter  of  reacting  to 
the  appearance  of  a  new  tool  and 
the  disappearance  of  some  old 
ones. 

The  circulation  and  reference 
staffs  of  the  various  departments 
have  encountered,  through  their 
interactions  with  patrons,  those 
changes  most  visible  to  the  pub- 
lic. Joe  Rees,  a  reference  librarian 
at  Perkins,  said  that  there  has 
been  "a  notable  increase  in  the 
number  of  questions  since  the 
online  catalog  was  installed." 
Rees  added:  "If  patrons  recognize 
problems  while  using  it,  they're 
eager  to  be  taught  to  use  the 
computer."  Some  users  are  still 
reluctant  to  ask  for  help,  especial- 
ly when  they  encounter  the  click- 
ing sound  now  familiar  to  all 
library  staff.  The  keyboard  clicks, 
meaning  it  is  temporarily  locked, 
when  one  tries  to  give  a  com- 
mand before  the  computer  is 
through  processing  the  previous 
one.  Maris  Corbin.  Head  of  Circu- 
lation at  the  East  Campus  Library, 
noted  that  some  people  will  "just 
sit  there  looking  puzzled  until  [a 
staff  member]  notices  and  tells 
them  to  hit  the  reset  button." 


According  to  public  service 
staff,  the  feature  that  has  received 
the  most  overwhelming  approval 
is  the  opportunity  to  find  out 
what  is  in  other  libraries.  Kitty 
Porter,  Head  of  the  Chemistry 
Library,  said  that  in  one  case  she 
had  helped  a  UNC  professor  do- 
ing research  here  to  discover  that 
a  book  he  was  looking  for  was  ac- 
tually already  in  the  UNC  library. 
Similarly,  according  to  Corbin, 
everyone  using  the  branch 
libraries  is  "delighted  to  know  it's 
possible  to  find  out  here  whether 
a  book  is  in  Perkins."  The  only 
drawback  is  that  until  the  old 
catalog  is  converted  to  machine- 
readable  form  patrons  sometimes 
fail  to  realize  that  the  online  cata- 
log does  not  provide  access  to  the 
bulk  of  Duke's  holdings. 

While  public  service  duties 
have  been  changing  due  to  the 
online  catalog,  a  lot  of  work  be- 
hind the  scenes  has  changed  as 
well.  Margaret  Knoerr,  Head  of 
Reference  at  East  Campus 


Library,  orders  many  publications 
for  that  library.  She  pointed  out 
that  BIS  (Bibliographic  Informa- 
tion System  -  the  library's  auto- 
mated bibliographic  system  of 
which  the  online  catalog  is  a 
part)  has  been  particularly  helpful 
to  her  for  checking  what  Perkins 
has  when  she  is  ordering  for  East 
Campus. 

When  orders  for  new  books 
come  to  the  Acquisitions  Depart- 
ment at  Perkins,  they  are  handled 
first  by  the  Bibliographic  Search- 
ing Section  which  checks  to  make 
sure  that  the  Library  does  not  al- 
ready own  the  publications  re- 
quested and  to  verify  the 
bibliographic  information.  Jen- 
nifer Gates,  Head  of  this  section, 
said  that  she  agreed  with  some 
public  service  staff  that  the  cur- 
rent lack  of  cross  references  in 
the  system  is  a  source  of 
problems.  She  added,  however, 
that  the  transition  to  BIS  has 
generally  been  smooth.  Like  the 
card  catalog,  BIS  has  its  own  set 


of  idiosyncrasies  to  get  used  to 
while  searching;  but  at  the  same 
time,  she  pointed  out,  this  has 
caused  her  staff  to  understand 
more  about  how  items  are  in- 
dexed online. 

According  to  Jacqui  Delbridge, 
who  works  on  pre-order  search- 
ing in  the  Serials  Department,  the 
overall  time  it  takes  to  search  an 
order  has  been  reduced.  BIS  has 
also  "drastically  reduced"  her 
need  to  search  NCSU's  and  UNC's 
serial  holdings  on  microfiche. 
Gloria  Duffin,  who  updates 
Duke's  online  serial  records,  said 
BIS  allows  more  detailed  proce- 
dures than  its  predecessor,  the 
online  editing  system.  As  in  other 
departments,  the  online  system 
has  sometimes  been  a  mixed 
blessing.  Mary  Dawson,  a  serials 
cataloger,  echoed  others'  com- 
ments in  pointing  out  that 
although  BIS  speeds  up  many 
searches,  it  is  not  as  efficient  for 
searching  long  files  as  was  the 
card  catalog,  where  holdings  and 
locations  could  be  determined  by 
quickly  examining  a  group  of 
cards.  Neither,  she  added,  is  it  as 
useful  to  catalogers  for  assigning 
subject  headings  and  Dewey  clas- 
sification numbers.  "A  subject 
search  of  this  type  on  BIS  is  far 
more  laborious,"  she  said. 

Perhaps  the  most  dramatic 
changes  have  occurred  in  the  Post 
Cataloging  Section  of  the  Mono- 
graphic Cataloging  Department. 
The  two  units  affected  the  most 
were  the  Catalog  Maintenance 
Unit  (CMU)  and  the  Filing/Revis- 
ing Unit.  CMU  makes  corrections 
and  resolves  conflicts  found  in 


From  left.  Gwen  Faulkner 
and  Sarah  Miller  remove 
cards  trom  the  catalog 


the  catalog.  According  to  Dave 
Fennema  and  Lee  Cahow  of 
CMU,  this  work  can  now  be  "ac- 
complished in  one-tenth  the  time 
needed  prior  to  BIS.  Before  BIS, 
cards  would  have  been  retrieved 
and  either  changed  manually  or 
reproduced  through  OCLC  [the  in- 
ternational online  cataloging  sys- 
tem Duke  and  many  other 
libraries  use].  This  method  in- 
volved a  great  deal  of  paper  work. 
Now  we  change  the  record  direct- 
ly on  BIS  and  make  whatever 
notifications...are  necessary"  to 
branch  libraries. 

Gwen  Faulkner,  Head  of  the 
Filing/Revising  Unit,  stated  flatly: 
"BIS  changed  my  life  at  Perkins 
Library."  Formerly,  Gwen's 
primary  duty  was  to  train  both 
permanent  staff  and  student  assis- 
tants to  file  in  seven  different 
catalogs,  of  which  the  two  major 
catalogs  were  the  Post-1980 
author/title  and  subject  catalogs 
(what  the  online  catalog  has  es- 
sentially replaced.)  Now  that 
those  two  catalogs  are  closed, 
"training  staff  to  file  in  the  re- 
maining catalogs  is  nothing" 
compared  to  how  long  it  previ- 
ously took  to  train  staff  to  file. 
During  the  past  few  months  she 
has  supervised  the  dismantling  of 
these  two  major  catalogs.  And 
what  happened  to  all  those  cards? 
Some  were  saved  for  scratch 
cards,  but  most  went  to  the 
dumpster.  "There  was  essentially 
no  place  to  store  them,"  Faulkner 
said.  In  the  coming  months 
Gwen's  unit,  along  with  CMU, 
will  form  a  new  section  that  will 
tackle  the  rather  daunting  project 
of  retrospective  conversion  — 
converting  holdings  in  the  old 
card  catalog  to  computer  format. 

While  computers  will  always 
remain  tempting  targets  for  com- 
plaint when  things  go  wrong  — 


taking  their  rightful  place  on  the 
list  with  cars,  the  weather,  public 
utilities,  and  tax  returns— most 
employees  seem  to  have  adapted 
to  the  online  catalog  with  no  un- 
due strain.  As  with  most  such 
changes,  once  it  has  become  the 
status  quo  it's  hard  to  imagine 
things  were  ever  any  other  way. 
An  example  of  this  is  an  incident 
that  happened  to  me  a  few 
months  ago.  As  one  part  of  my 
job  I  train  students  to  check  gift 
books  in  the  old 
card  catalog  to  see  if 
they  duplicate  titles 
the  library  already 
owns.  I  was  explain- 
ing this  part  of  his 
job  to  a  new  student, 
and  showed  him  the 
shelves  of  books  he 
and  others  would  be 
carting  out  to  the 
catalog.  He  said, 
"You  mean  there's 
no  way  to  do  this  by 
computer?"  1  shook 
my  head  and  said,  "Not  yet."  He 
regarded  all  the  books  for  a  long 
moment  as  he  took  in  my  reply. 
Then,  as  if  he  suddenly  saw 
through  it  all,  he  offered  his  sum 
mation  of  the  situation.  "You're 
kidding,"  he  said  confidently.  It 
was  already  as  though  the 
machines  had  always  been  there. 


NEW  CIRCULATION 
SYSTEM  WILL  ELIMINATE 
CALL  SLIPS 

AUTOMATION  WILL  SIMPLIFY 
CHECK-OUT 


Have  your  fingers  grown  numb 
writing  out  the  call  number,  the 
author,  the  title,  your  name,  and 
your  address  for  every  book  you 
check  out  of  the  library?  Well, 
relief  is  on  the  way!  Jim  Coble, 
Head  of  the  Library  Systems 
Office,  is  presently  programming 
an  automated  circulation  system 
that  will  be  used  in  the  libraries 
at  Duke  University,  North  Caroli- 
na State  University,  and  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Chapel  Hill.  The  biggest  differ- 
ence between  the  existing  circula- 
tion system  and  the  new  one, 
according  to  Coble,  is  that 
"present  manual  procedures  like 
filling  out  and  filing  circulation 
slips  will  be  replaced  by  automat- 
ed ones."  As  well  as  relieving  pa- 
trons of  writer's  cramp,  it  will 
eliminate  for  the  Circulation 
Department  staff  the  laborious 
task  of  filing  slips  in  call  number 
order  and  keeping  track  of  over- 
due materials. 

The  programming 
is  scheduled  to  be 
completed  in  the 
first  half  of  1988. 
The  system  will  be 
installed  in  the 
library  as  soon 
thereafter  as  funds 
are  available  for  the 
necessary  equip- 
ment. Each  circula- 
tion point  using  the  system  will 
need  at  least  one  terminal,  a  bar 
code  reader,  and  a  printer. 

The  system  is  "intended  to  be 
a  fully  integrated  component  of 
the  online  catalog,"  said  Coble. 
The  Committee  that  designed  the 
system  worked  very  hard  to 
streamline  the  transactions,  to 


make  it  easy  and  quick  for  pa- 
trons to  check  out  materials.  The 
circulation  system  was  designed 
with  the  goal  of  making  it  easy  to 
handle  simple  transactions  and 
possible  to  handle  more  complex 
transactions. 

"The  system  is  designed  to  al- 
low each  branch  to  use  it."  said 
Coble.  Each  branch's  decision 
whether  to  adopt  it  "is  a  policy 
question."  Of  course,  the  library 
at  the  Duke  Marine  Laboratory 
will  not  be  able  to  take  advantage 
of  it  until  the  appropriate  tele- 
communication links  exist  be- 
tween that  site  and  this. 

For  use  of  the  system,  a  book 
being  checked  out  must  have  a 
bar  code  on  it.  In  addition,  the 
library  patron  will  typically  have 
an  ID  with  a  bar  code.  The  bar 
code  on  the  book  will  match  up 
with  the  bar  code  on  its  catalog 
record.  The  bar  code  on  the  ID 
will  match  up  with  a  patron  file 
in  the  system,  containing  each 
patron's  address,  status,  etc.  This 
summer  the  Registrar's  Office  will 
begin  to  place  bar  codes  on  stu- 
dent IDs  to  be  distributed  to  fresh- 
men and  those  who  need  replace- 
ment cards.  When  the  circulation 
system  becomes  available  bar 
codes  will  be  added  to  all  the  ex- 
isting student  IDs.  "Negotiations 
are  underway  for  faculty  and  staff 
IDs,"  stated  Coble. 

As  a  patron  presents  books  for 

Mi  M'H 


check-out,  the  system  will  verify 
the  patron's  ID,  the  charge  type, 
and  the  material  being  checked 
out.  The  system  will  immediately 
report  on  any  anomalies  in  either 
of  these  three  categories.  For  in- 
stance, is  the  patron  authorized  to 
check  out  books  at  Duke?  Can  the 
material  be  charged  to  a  carrel, 
and  if  so,  is  the  carrel  number 
given  by  the  patron  a  valid  one? 
Is  there  a  previous  hold  on  the 
item  being  presented  for  check- 
out7 Is  the  item  listed  on  the  sys- 
tem as  missing  or  lost?  Has  the 
patron  already  checked  out 
his/her  maximum  number  of 
books? 

Once  a  book  is  checked  out  by 
a  patron,  the  fact  that  it  is 
checked  out  and  the  due  date  will 
appear  on  the  record  for  that  item 
in  the  online  catalog.  Patrons 
consulting  the  online  catalog  will 
be  able  to  determine  whether  the 
library  has  the  book  they  want 
and  whether  it  is  checked  out. 

The  new  system  will  also 
handle: 

•  renewals 

•  placing  holds  on  checked  out 
items 

•  issuing  recalls 

•  assigning  items  to  temporary 
locations  (e.g.,  reserves) 

•  creating  short  records  for  items 
which  are  not  yet  bar  coded 

•  maintaining  a  use  history  for 
items 

•  producing  overdue  notices 

•  producing  regular  and  on- 
demand  reports 


This  scene  will  soon  be  a 
thing  ot  the  nasi.  Sheila  Webb 
tills  out  call  silos. 


•  accepting  patron  records  from 
university  maintained  files 
"The  system  will  be  able  to 
handle  any  bibliographic  items 
the  library  wants  it  to  handle,"  ac- 
cording to  Coble.  "It  can  include 
all  the  books  in  the  library." 
Whether  all  the  books  will  be  in- 
cluded "is  a  policy  question." 

For  those  library  patrons  who 
are  big  on  library  borrowing  and 
who  may  not  remember  every- 
thing they  have  checked  out,  the 
system  will  be  able  to  provide  a 
list  of  these  items.  For  reasons  of 


privacy,  this  service  will  be  avail- 
able on  request  only  from  Circu- 
lation Department  staff. 
In  future  enhancements,  some 
functions  may  be  designed  to  be 
self-service.  One  of  the  first  of 
these  will  provide  the  capability 
for  patrons  to  place  their  own 
holds  on  items  that  they  want  to 
check  out  when  the  items  are 
returned  to  the  library. 

Based  on  an  interview 
with  Jim  Coble 
Head,  Library  Systems  Office 


in  the  future  they  will  have 
even  more  to  smile  ahout. 
From  left.  Doug  Bates 
checks  out  materials  tor 
graduate  student  Richard 
Dickson. 


WHAT  DOES  "LIBRARY 
SYSTEMS"  MEAN? 

JIM  COBLE 
HEAD,  LIBRARY 
SYSTEMS  OFFICE 


The  Library  Systems  Office  in 
Perkins  Library  provides  automa- 
tion support  for  Perkins  and 
other  campus  libraries.  The  Office 
is  responsible  for  (a)  designing, 
programming,  and  monitoring  the 
Technical  Services  Data  Base  and 
Serials  Database  applications;  (b) 
operating  the  Duke  University 
Libraries'  component  of  the  Tri- 
angle Research  Libraries  Net- 
work's Bibliographic  Information 
System;  and  (c)  providing  techni- 
cal support  for  staff  use  of 
microcomputers  in  Perkins 
Library  and  its  branch  and 
departmental  libraries.  The  Office 
dates  its  beginnings  from  1967, 
when  a  systems  analyst  from  the 
University's  data  processing  or- 
ganization was  assigned  to  the 
library  to  work  on  automation 
projects. 

Major  Areas  of 
Responsibility 

(1)  TSDB  and  Serials  Database 
The  Technical  Services  Data  Base 
(TSDB)  application  is  an  automat- 
ed acquisitions  system  used  by 
the  technical  services  depart- 
ments at  the  Perkins, 
Law,  Medical  Center, 
and  Fuqua  (Busi- 
ness) libraries  to 
order  materials  for 
the  libraries'  collec- 
tions, to  develop  and 
maintain  accounting 
records,  and  to  track 
the  materials  from 
the  time  of  receipt  until  they  are 
cataloged.  Access  to  library  hold- 
ings information  for  magazines, 
journals,  and  other  serials  is 
provided  through  the  Serials 
Database  System.  The  Serials 
Database  contains  summary  hold- 
ings information  for  periodicals 
and  serials  held  at  the  Perkins, 
Law,  and  Fuqua  libraries  and  is 
used  to  generate  a  microfiche 
catalog. 


Both  the  TSDB  System  and  the 
Serials  Database  System  were  de- 
veloped by  staff  in  Library  Sys- 
tems at  Perkins.  The  Serials 
Database  was  the  first  major 
project  undertaken  and  became 
available  for  library  use  around 
1968.  The  TSDB  System  was  de- 
veloped in  the  early  1970s.  The 
two  systems  now  run  on  an  IBM 
mainframe  computer  at  the  Trian- 
gle Universities  Computation 
Center  (TUCC)  in  Research  Trian- 
gle Park.  Terminals  at  the  campus 
libraries  are  linked  to  the  TUCC 
computer  using  high-speed 
telecommunications  lines  and 
microwave  transmission. 

Library  Systems  staff  continue 
to  monitor  the  performance  of 
the  two  systems  and  to  make 
minor  modifications  and  en- 
hancements to  the  software. 
When  library  staff  experience 
problems  with  the  systems, 
Library  Systems  works  with  staff 
at  TUCC  and  the  Duke  University 
Computation  Center  to  determine 
the  nature  of  the  difficulty  and 
how  to  resolve  it. 

(2)  TRLN  BIS  The  Library  Sys- 
tems Office  also  operates  the 
Duke  University  component  of 
the  Triangle  Research  Libraries 
Network's  Bibliographic  Informa- 
tion System.  The  Triangle 
Research  Libraries  Network 
(TRLN)  is  a  cooperative  network 
of  libraries  associated  with  the 
three  major  universities  located 
in  the  Research  Triangle  area  of 
North  Carolina:  Duke  University, 
North  Carolina  State  University  in 
Raleigh,  and  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill. 
The  primary  project  undertaken 
by  TRLN  to  date  has  been  the  de- 
velopment of  the  Bibliographic 
Information  System  (BIS),  an  au- 
tomated library  system  to  be  used 
cooperatively  by  the  libraries  at 


the  three  institutions.  BIS  runs  on 
a  distributed  network  of  Tandem 
computers  (one  computer  at  each 
campus)  and  currently  provides 
online  access  to  the  library  cata- 
logs at  all  three  institutions. 

The  Library  Systems  staff  oper- 
ates the  Duke  Tandem  computer, 
monitors  the  performance  of  BIS, 
and  works  with  the  TRLN  staff  in 
identifying  and  correcting 
problems  which  arise.  The  day-to- 
day tasks  involved  with  this 
responsibility  include  answering 
questions  about  how  the  system 
functions,  collecting  data  regard- 
ing the  use  and  efficiency  of  the 
system,  receiving  problem  reports 
from  library  staff  and  com- 
municating them  to  TRLN,  load- 
ing bibliographic  data  from  tapes 
into  the  online  catalog  database, 
and  installing  and  servicing  ter- 
minal equipment.  One  person 
from  the  Library  Systems  Office 
is  always  on  call  at  night  and  on 
weekends  to  respond  if  problems 
arise  with  BIS  outside  of  regular 
office  hours. 

(3)  Microcomputers  The 
Library  Systems  Office  is  the 
primary  point  of  support  for 
library  staff  using  microcom- 
puters in  the  performance  of  their 
jobs.  The  Office  advises  library 
departments  on  equipment  and 
software  purchases,  assists  in  de- 
veloping appropriate  training  op- 
portunities for  library  staff,  and 
provides  technical  consultation  to 
staff  members  regarding  the  use 
of  equipment  and  software.  Staff 
in  Library  Systems  also  develop 
microcomputer-based  systems  for 
selected  library  projects.  For  ex- 
ample, the  Library  Systems  Office 
is  responsible  for  developing  and 
maintaining  the  system  used  in 
the  Reserve  Department  at 
Perkins  Library  for  managing 
materials  on  reserve. 


Staff 

The  Library  Systems  Office  cur- 
rently consists  of  three  full-time 
staff  members  and  a  part-time 
student  assistant.  The  Systems 
Librarian,  Jim  Coble,  supervises 
the  Library  Systems  staff  and 
oversees  the  day-to-day  operations 
of  the  Office.  In  addition,  he 
spends  about  half  his  time  on 
projects  connected  with  the  TRLN 
BIS  system.  At  the  present  time, 
he  is  working  on  specifications 
for  an  automated  circulation  sub- 
system for  BIS.  Jim  is  also 
responsible  for  most  of  the 
microcomputer  support  provided 
by  Library  Systems.  Jim  has  been 
a  part  of  the  Library  Systems 
Office  since  1985. 

The  Analyst/Programmer,  Otto 
Mayes,  Jr.,  bears  primary  respon- 
sibility for  the  TSDB  and  Serials 
Systems.  He  oversees  the  perfor- 


mance of  the  two  systems  and 
does  the  design  and  programming 
for  modifications  and  enhance- 
ments of  the  software.  Otto  works 
closely  with  staff  at  TUCC,  the 
Duke  Computation  Center,  Tel- 
Com  (Duke  Telecommunications 
Division),  and  the  university  ac- 
counting offices  to  insure  that  the 
TSDB  and  Serials  Database  Sys- 
tems operate  successfully.  Otto  is 
the  "long-timer"  in  Library  Sys- 
tems, having  come  to  work  at  the 
library  in  1975. 

The  Systems  Specialist,  Ernest 
Robl,  has  primary  responsibility 
for  operating  the  Duke  compo- 
nent of  BIS  and  for  managing  the 
Duke  Tandem  computer.  He  mon- 
itors BIS  performance,  inves- 
tigates reported  problems,  installs 
and  services  terminal  equipment, 
and  tends  to  the  daily  operation 
of  the  computer  system.  Ernest 


joined  the  Library  Systems  staff 
in  1986. 

The  Library  Systems  Office 
plans  to  expand  its  staff  in  the 
near  future.  A  Computer 
Programmer  II  is  currently  being 
recruited.  This  person  will  work 
initially  on  programming  projects 
associated  with  development  of 
the  TRLN  BIS  system.  The  Office 
is  also  looking  for  a  graduate  stu- 
dent to  work  half-time  as  a 
microcomputer  specialist  and  to 
be  the  primary  point  of  contact 
for  library  staff  members  using 
microcomputers. 


Library  Systems  Office 
stall.  From  left.  Jim  Coble. 
Ernest  Robl.  Otto  Mayes.  Jr. 


Let  us  hear  from  you.  Send  us 
your  constructive  criticism  and 
LETTERS  TO  THE  EDITOR         suggestions  for  articles  and  inter- 
views. (Compliments  are  wel- 
comed also!)  If  you  have 
questions  about  the  operation  of 
the  Library,  its  policies  or  proce- 
dures, ask.  We'll  try  to  provide  an 
answer  through  the  pages  of  this 
publication. 


The  Friends  of  the  Library  held 
two  social  events  at  the  end  of  the 
last  academic  year,  both  on 
March  26. 

DOMESDAY  BOOK 
RECEPTION 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Friends  sponsored  a  reception  in 
the  Rare  Book  Room  honoring 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  J.  Kintz  and 
Mrs.  Li  la  T.  Murphy.  The  Kintzes 
and  Mrs.  Murphy  had  given  funds 
for  purchase  of  the  penny  edition 
of  the  facsimile  of  the  Domesday 
Book.  The  book,  which  was  on 
display  together  with  other  edi- 
tions of  the  Domesday  Book,  at- 
tracted a  great  deal  of  attention. 
Many  guests  commented  on  the 
painstaking  work  involved  in  the 
preparation  of  the  facsimile.  Dr. 
Richard  Pfaff,  a  professor  of 
medieval  history  at  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  briefly  described  the  events 
surrounding  the  compilation  of 
the  Domesday  Book  in  1086,  its 
historical  significance,  and  the 
particular  features  of  the  penny 
facsimile  edition. 

FRIENDS  OF  THE 
LIBRARY  ANNUAL 
DINNER  MEETING 

The  sherry,  sparkling  cider,  and 
conversation  flowed  at  the  social 
hour  preceding  the  annual  dinner 
meeting  of  the  Friends.  Blessed 
with  a  warm  evening,  guests 
gathered  and  greeted  colleagues 
on  the  patio  of  the  Searle  Center. 
The  dinner  was  attended  by  a  ca- 
pacity crowd,  drawn  by  the  oppor- 
tunity to  mingle  with  other 
library  supporters  and  to  hear 
from  Reynolds  Price,  our  speaker 
for  the  evening. 

Thirty  new  life  members  were 
presented  during  the  business 


meeting.  The  following  individu- 
als were  elected  to  one-year  terms 
on  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Friends: 

Thomas  A.  Langford,  Chairman 
Marion  C.  Salinger,  Vice- 

Chairman 
Joline  R.  Ezzell,  Secretary 
James  S.  Bissett,  Student  member 
The  following  members  were 
elected  for  a  five-year  term  on  the 
Executive  Committee: 
Katherine  G.  Wells 
Ole  Holsti 
Clark  Cahow 
Lila  Kintz 

Gwen  Jacobs  and  Rebecca  Cur- 
rie  won  first  and  second  prize 
respectively  in  the  essay  contest 
sponsored  by  the  Friends  of  the 
Library  and  the  Gothic  Bookshop. 
Both  students  will  graduate  in 
1989.  They  received  gift  certifi- 
cates to  the  Gothic  Bookshop  and 
congratulations  from  the  assem- 
bled Friends. 

Frances  Gray  Patton  introduced 
Reynolds  Price.  Dr.  Price 
reminisced  about  his  early  days  at 
Duke  as  a  student.  He  enthralled 
the  audience  with  his  tales  of  stu- 
dent pranks  in  the  dormitories, 
former  professors,  and  his  grow- 
ing love  for  literature,  writing, 
and  Duke  University. 

NEW  LIFE  MEMBERS 

The  following  individuals  have 

qualified  for  life  membership 

since  the  most  recent  list  of  new 

life  members  was  compiled: 

Arline  T  Fonda 

S.  Bacon  Fuller 

Barbara  Hubbell 

Katherine  Hubbell 

Wendy  and  Bruce  Mosler 

Jack  S.  Turner 

Erma  P.  Whittington 

They  will  be  presented  at  the 

1988  Annual  Dinner  Meeting. 


CONDOLENCES 

Condolences  are  offered  to  the 
family  of  Dr.  Allen  H.  Gilbert 
who  passed  away  this  spring.  Dr. 
Gilbert,  a  life  member  of  the 
Friends,  was  the  oldest  living 
emeritus  member  of  the  faculty 
and  the  only  surviving  member 
of  the  original  faculty. 

FUTURE  EVENTS 

Mark  November  4,  1987  on  your 
calendar  now!  The  Friends  will 
sponsor  a  program  that  evening 
in  the  Auditorium  of  the  Teer  En- 
gineering Building.  The  highlight 
of  the  evening  will  be  a  showing 
of  the  BBC's  "Horizon"  science 
show  segment,  To  Engineer  is 
Human.  The  segment  stars  Duke 
civil  engineering  professor,  Dr. 
Henry  Petroski,  and  is  based  on 
his  1985  book  of  the  same  name. 
He  examines  several  spectacular 
engineering  failures,  such  as  the 
collapse  of  the  hotel  skywalks  in 
Kansas  City,  and  explains  how  the 
engineering  profession  generally 
avoids,  but  occasionally  is  sur- 
prised by,  such  failures. 
"Horizon"  is  the  model  for  the 
"Nova"  science  series  shown  on 
PBS  in  this  country.  This  segment 
of  the  show  drew  nearly  3  million 
viewers  in  the  United  Kingdom 
during  its  first  airing  and  a  mil- 
lion more  when  it  was  repeated  a 
week  later.  Dr.  Petroski  will  be 
present  at  the  Friends'  program 
to  answer  questions  and  receive 
comments.  Invitations  will  be 
sent  to  members  of  the  Friends 
this  fall. 

Joline  R.  Ezzell 
Secretary  of  the  Friends 


FRIENDS'  CORNER 


FRIENDS'  GATHERINGS 
PAST  AND  FUTURE 


THE  OLD  SOUTH  RISES 
AGAIN 

"Few  American  institutions  have 
generated  more  picturesque  im- 
agery, or  moral  outrage,  than  the 
ante-bellum  plantation."  So  states 
Kenneth  M.  Stampp,  General  Edi- 
tor of  a  recent  microfilm  set  ob- 
tained by  the  library.  Records  of 


TH.  VOL  II,  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  (IF  KENTUCKY 


Ante-Bellum  Southern  Plantations 
from  the  Revolution  Through  the 
Civil  War  is  organized  into  six 
series.  The  records  filmed  have 
been  selected  from  collections  at 
the  University  of  South  Carolina, 
the  South  Carolina  Historical  So- 
ciety, the  Library  of  Congress,  the 
Maryland  Historical  Society,  the 
University  of  Virginia  Library,  and 
our  own  collection  here  at  Duke. 


Because  the  plantation  was  a 
commercial  enterprise,  most 
planters  amassed  plantation  jour- 
nals, crop  books,  overseers'  jour- 
nals, account  books,  and  medical 
records  in  staggering  quantities. 
The  slave  lists,  which  contain  vi- 
tal and  occupational  data,  are  of 
particular  interest.  The  personal 
diaries  and  correspondence  of 
family  members  reveal  contem- 
porary cultural  mores,  gender 
roles,  interracial  dynamics,  and 
other  social  attitudes. 

Parts  A-E  of  the  microfilm  set 
are  available  for  use  in  the 
Newspapers  &  Microforms 
Department.  Duke's  records, 
which  comprise  Part  F,  are  avail- 
able in  paper  copy  in  the 
Manuscript  Department. 

SO  SPEAKS  THE 
PRESIDENT! 

The  Congressional  Information 
Service  has  recently  published 
the  CIS  Presidential  Executive 
Orders  and  Proclamations, 
1789-1983,  a  major  index  and 
microfiche  collection  featuring 
thousands  of  newly  uncovered 
documents.  Perkins  Library  has 
acquired  the  multi-volume  index 
only.  The  Law  School  Library  has 
purchased  both  the  index  and  the 
microfiche  collection.  This  publi- 
cation will  assist  students  and 
faculty  studying  changes  in 
presidential  power  during  the  his- 
tory of  the  United  States.  The 
printed  index  will  improve  access 
to  publications  in  our  own  docu- 
ments collection  as  well  as  to  the 
many  items  in  the  microfiche  col- 
lection itself.  The  index  allows 
searching  by  subjects,  organiza- 
tions, and  geographic  areas;  per- 
sonal names;  and  dates.  In 


addition  it  contains  a  list  of  inter- 
related executive  orders.  A  few  ti- 
tles selected  from  the  thousands 
in  the  collection  are: 

•  Commencement  of  Coinage  of 
U.S.  Gold  and  Silver,  and  Cessa- 
tion of  Foreign  Coin  as  Legal 
Tender,  1797 

•  Removal  of  White  Settlers  on 
Indian  Lands  by  Military  Force, 
1805 

•  Designating  Certain  States  and 
Parts  of  States  in  Rebellion,  and 
Declaring  the  Slaves  Therein 
Free,  1863 

•  Informing  the  People  of  Cuba 
of  Steps  Being  Taken  to  the  Es- 
tablishment of  Self-Government, 
1899 

•  Bank  Holiday,  1933 

•  Defense  of  South  Vietnam,  1965 

•  Granting  Pardon  of  Richard 
Nixon,  1974 

OF  THEE  I  SING 

This  spring  the  Rare  Book  Room 
acquired  the  songbook,  A  Collec- 
tion of  Songs,  Selected  from  the 
Works  of  Mr.  Dibdin.  To  Which 
are  Added,  the  Newest  and  Most 
Favourite  American  Patriotic 
Songs,  published  in  Philadelphia 
in  1799.  The  section  of  the  book 
entitled  "New  Patriotic  Songs"  in- 
cludes "Yankee  Doodle,"  "Hail 
Columbia,"  "The  Federal  Consti- 
tution Boys,"  and  "Ode  for  the  4th 
of  July  1798."  Dibdin  calls  for  the 
use  of  the  tune  "Anacreon  in 
Heaven,"  the  tune  eventually 
adopted  for  "The  Star-Spangled 
Banner." 

Dibdin  has  included  songs  with 
a  decidedly  Caribbean  lilt  (one 
begins  "Orra  no  talk,  no  say  fine 
word,/  No  dress  him,  no  look 


gay")  and  a  number  of  negro  di- 
alect songs  such  as  "One  negro, 
wi  my  banjer,"  which  includes 
the  following  lyrics:  "My  missy 
for  one  black  dog  about  the 
house  me  kick,/  Him  say,  my 
nassy  tawny  face  enough  to  make 
him  sick." 

SUPPORTING  WOMEN  IN 
POLITICS  -  THE  LWV 

Duke  faculty  members  Dr.  Anne 
F.  Scott  and  Dr.  William  H.  Chafe 
serve  as  general  editors  of  the  on- 
going microfilm  collection, 
Papers  of  the  League  of  Women 
Voters,  1918-1974.  The  ninety- 
eight  reels  issued  thus  far  are 
available  in  the  Newspapers  & 
Microforms  Department  of  the 
library.  This  research  collection 
offers  generous  selections  from 
historical  records  at  the  Library 
of  Congress  and  the  League's  na- 
tional office,  providing  a  detailed 
picture  of  the  evolution  of  Ameri- 
ca's foremost  women's 
organization. 

Parts  I  and  II  of  the  collection 
depict  the  changing  scope  and 
goals  of  the  League's  activities 
from  the  suffrage  victory  in  1920 
through  the  emergence  of 
feminism  as  a  national  issue  in 
the  1960s  and  1970s. 

Part  111, 
National 
Office  Subject 
Files,  1920-1932.. 
captures  the  impor- 
tant details  of  day-to- 
day operations  and 
developments  by 
focusing  on  the 
working  papers  of 
the  League's  formative 
years.  These  records 
luminate  the  energetic  and 
far-reaching  efforts  of  the 
early  League  to  establish  a 
network  for  voter  education 
and  political  advocacy. 


The  documents  in  this  collec- 
tion cover  virtually  every  aspect 
of  American  political  history 
from  1920  through  1974.  The  col- 
lection will  be  a  treasured  source 
for  scholars  of  women's  studies, 
social  welfare  history,  American 
local  and  national  political  de- 
velopment, international  affairs, 

American  history, 
(Zj&i^  sociology,  and 
■i^- '"   >>y  biography 


ROMANS  10,  CIVILIS6 

An  extremely  rare  edition  of  su- 
perb plates  illustrating  Tacitus' 
fourth  and  fifth  books  of  the 
Historia  has  been  added  to  the 
Rare  Book  Room.  Batavorvm  Cvm 
Romanis  Bellvm,  a  Corn.  Tacito 
lib.  IV.  &  V.  Hist,  olim  descrip- 
tum,  figuris  nunc  aeneis  expres- 
sum  . . .  De  Batavische  Oft  Ovde 
Hollandtsche  Oorloghe  teghen  de 
Romeynen  was  published  in  1612 
in  Antwerp  by  David  Martin  for 
Philipp  Lisaert.  The  thirty-six 
plates  engraved  by  Antonio  Tem- 
pesta  after  Otto  van  Veen  depict 
the  uprising  of  Civilis,  the  chief 
of  the  northwestern  Gaulic  Batavi 
tribe,  and  the  confrontations  and 
negotiations  between  him  and  the 
Romans  in  69  and  70  A.D.  These 
very  detailed  engravings  are,  as 
the  dealer  has  so  aptly  described 
them,  "full  of  bloody  action, 
charmingly  detailed  Renaissance 
landscapes,  and  gracefully 
delineated  figures."  Fourteen 
leaves  printed  with  the  historical 
and  symbolic  explanation  of  the 
images  in  Dutch  follow  the  plates. 


SHOW  YOUR  SUPPORT! 

JOIN  THE  FRIENDS 
OF  THE  LIBRARY 


To  join  the  Friends  of  the  Library  or  to  renew  your  mem- 
bership for  1987,  please  return  the  form  at  right,  with 
your  check  payable  to  Duke  University  Library,  to: 

Administrative  Office 

220  Perkins  Library 

Duke  University 

Durham,  N.C.  27706  USA 


If  you  are  a  Duke  employee  and  would  like  to  make  your 
contribution  through  payroll  deduction,  please  call  the 
Gift  Records  Office  at  684-2338.  If  your  company  has  a 
policy  of  matching  charitable  gifts,  please  obtain  a  form 
from  your  employer,  fill  out  the  required  information,  and 
send  it  along  with  your  gift. 


Membership  levels  are: 
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Patron 
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$1000  (over  5  years) 
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Km 
25 


Library  Endowment  Funds 

Fund  name,  Year  established,  and  Purpose 


1  Aver j  Bible  Fund,  1895 

(Biblical  Studies  Divinity  School  Library) 

2  Isaac  Erwin  Avery  Fund  1905 

(Journalism) 

3  Louis  W  Bailey  Memorial  Fund.  1958 

(Divinity  School  Library  Books) 

1     John  Spencer  Basset!  Memorial  Fund.  1942 
(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

5  Patricia  Meyers  Baugh  Endowment  Fund.  1984 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

6  John  M  and  Sally  V.  Blalock  Beard  Endowment  Fund.  1986 

(United  States  History  and  Southern  Writers) 

7  Mary  Duke  Biddle  Library  Fund.  1946 

(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

8  Joseph  G  Brown  Book  Fund,  1921 

(Manuscripts) 

9  Kenneth  W  and  Adelaide  D  Clark  Greek  New  Testament 
Manuscript  Fund.  1979 

10  Class  of  1909  Fund.  19(19 

(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

11  K  Taylor  Cole  Endowment  Fund.  1970 

(Comparative  and  Foreign  Government  Materials) 

12  Donald  D  and  Elizabeth  Griggs  Cooke  Foundation  Library  Endow- 
ment Fund,  1984 

(Rare  Books) 

13  Eh  Franklin  Craven  Endowment  Fund.  1983 

(American  Studies  Manuscripts) 

14  Harry  L  Dalton  Curator  of  Rare  Books  Endowment,  1986 

(Salary,  travel,  and  equipment  support  for  the  Curator  of  Rare 
Books) 

15  Elizabeth  Howland  and  Robert  Grady  Dawson  Endowment  Fund. 
1983 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

16,     Frank  T.  de  Vyver  Endowment  Fund.  1970 
(Labor  Relations,  Labor  Economics) 

17      Barbaralee  Diamonstein/Carl  Spielvogel  Video  History  Archive 
Fund.  1987 

(Maintenance  of  the  Diamonstein/Spielvogel  Videoarchive  Col- 
lection) 


18  Dunspaugh-Dalton  Endowment  Fund.  1979 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

19  John  and  Eleanor  Thomas  Elliott  Library  Fund.  1973 

(Upkeep  of  Thomas  Room.  East  Campus  Library) 

20.    George  Washington  Flowers  Memorial  Fund,  1941 
(Southern  Americana) 

21      Friends  of  the  Library  Fund 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases! 

22.    William  Francis  Gill  Memorial  Fund.  1918 
(Books  in  the  field  of  Latin) 

23  Elizabeth  T,  and  William  B.  Gosnell  Library  Endowment  Fund, 
19SK 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

24  Charles  M.  and  Mary  D.  Grant  Foundation  Book  Fund,  1975 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

2.5     Virginia  Gearhart  Gray  Endowment  Fund,  1976 
(American  History  Manuscripts) 

26  Wally  R  Hacked  Fund.  1981 

(Psychology) 

27  William  B,  Hamilton  Fund,  1965 

(Manuscripts  pertaining  to  British  and  Imperial  History) 

28.  Evelyn  J  Harrison  Endowment  Fund.  1984 

(Support  of  East  Campus  Library) 

29,  Stuart  C.  Henry  Endowment  Fund,  1975 

(History  of  Christianity  in  the  U.S.,  Divinity  School  Library) 

30  Eric  L  Holsti  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1978 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

31  Jay  B.  Hubbell  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Materials  for.  and  support  of.  the  Jay  B.  Hubbell  Center) 

32  Huckle  Library  Fund.  1980 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

33  Henry  H,  Jordan  Memorial  Foundation.  1947 

(Support  of  the  Ministers'  Loan  Library.  Divinity  School) 


All  contributions  to  The  Friends  of  the  Library  are  lax  deductible  as  provided  by  law. 
Name  


Address   

City   State   Zip   Date 

Amount  $    Fund  Number*   


"If  you  wish  to  allocate  your  dues  to  any  of  the  existing  funds  listed  below,  please  write  in  the  fund  number.  The  Friends  of  the  Library  Fund 
(no.  21)  supports  Friends'  activities,  publications,  and  library  book  purchases. 


34.  William  Arthur  Kale.  Jr.  Memorial  Fund.  1964 

(Fine  Arts  and  Religious  Musicology,  Divinity  School  Library) 

35.  Abram  and  Frances  Kanof  Collection  Endowment.  1986 

(Hebrew  iconography) 

36.  Korman  Leadership  Fund,  1987 

(American  Presidency  Collection) 

37.  J.  Walter  Lambeth  Fund,  1966 

(International  Relations) 

38.  Karla  Langedijk  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1981 

(Rare  Books  on  Iconography  and  Emblematics) 

39.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Fund,  1970 

(Spanish  Colonial  History) 

40.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Collection  Fund,  1973 

(Ibero-American  Studies) 

41      John  and  Carol  McEachren  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 
(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

42.  Gertrude  Merritt  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

43.  Harvey  M  and  Lenore  P.  Meyerhoff  Library  Fund,  1980 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

44.  Ormond  Memorial  Fund,  1924 

(Books  on  the  Rural  Church,  Divinity  School  Library) 

45     Harold  T.  Parker  Book  Fund,  1978 

(European  History,  particularly  France,  1589-1815) 

46.    Lucile  Parker  Fund,  1966 
(French  History) 

47     T.  L.  Perkins  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1971 
(Rare  Books) 

48.  Benjamin  E.  Powell  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1975 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

49.  Lura  Abernethy  Rader  Library  Fund,  1979 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 


50.  Arthur  G.  Raynes  Endowment  in  Imaginative  Writing.  1986 

(Contemporary  Literary  Manuscripts) 

51.  Floyd  M.  and  Marguerite  F.  Riddick  Endowment  Fund,  1983 

(Manuscripts  and  Related  Materials  pertaining  to  Legislative  and 
Parliamentary  Procedure.  American  Politics,  and  Public  Policy) 

52.  Alice  S.  and  Louis  H.  Roddis,  Jr.  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1986 

(Manuscripts  Pertaining  to  the  History  of  Science  and  Tech- 
nology) 

53.  Steed  Rollins  Memorial  Library  Endowment,  1987 

(Rare  Books  in  American  and  English  Literature) 

54.  Rudolph  William  Rosati  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Promotion  of  Creative  Writing  Among  Undergraduates) 

55.  Mattie  Underwood  Russell  Endowment  Fund,  1985 

(Acquisitions  and  Preservation  of  Manuscripts  and  Manuscript 
Collections  pertaining  to  the  History  and  Culture  of  North,  Cen- 
tral and  South  America) 

56.  Jay  Rutherfurd  Living  History  Endowment  Fund,  1981 

(Video-Taping  for  the  Living  History  Program.) 

57     Robert  S.  Smith  Memorial  Fund,  1971 

(Latin  American  and  Spanish  Economics) 

58.  Mary  Olive  Thomas  Endowment  Fund,  1984 

(Books  on  the  Italian  Renaissance) 

59.  Arlin  Turner  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Rare  Books  in  American  Literature) 

60.  Walter  McGowan  and  Minnie  Daniel  Upchurch  Fund,  1971 

(Sacred  Music) 

61.  Aleksandar  S.  Vesic  Memorial  Book  Fund,  1985 

(Books  in  Engineering) 

62.  John  P.  Waggoner,  Jr.  Endowment  Fund,  1984 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

63.  Gratton  Williams  Fund,  1920 

(Development  of  the  Library) 

64.  James  J.  Wolfe  Memorial  Fund,  and  Friends  of  the  Biology- 
Forestry  Library,  1921 

(Biological  Journals) 

65.  Lizzie  Taylor  Wrenn  Foundation  Fund,  1921 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 


NEWS  NOTES 


TRLN  MEETS  OBJECTIVE 

Jeanne  Sawyer,  the  director  of 
TRLN  (Triangle  Research 
Libraries  Network,  comprised  of 
the  libraries  of  Duke  University, 
North  Carolina  State  University, 
and  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina at  Chapel  Hill),  proclaimed 
1986/87  a  "particularly  active 
and  exciting  year  for  TRLN"  at 
the  TRLN  annual  meeting  held  at 
Duke  University  on  June  15.  She 
also  noted  that  TRLN  had  "suc- 
ceeded in  meeting  the  objective 
of  the  project,"  which  was  to  pro- 
vide an  online  catalog  at  each  in- 
stitution with  access  to  the 
holdings  of  the  other  two  institu- 
tions. Ms.  Sawyer  provided  statis- 
tics of  the  use  of  the  online 
catalog  in  the  three  libraries.  Dur- 
ing the  week  in  November  follow- 
ing the  introduction 
of  subject  access,  pa- 
trons searched  the 
catalogs  38,000 
times.  Thirty-six  per- 
cent of  those 
searches  were  by 
subject. 

Stating  that 
"TRLN  is  no  young- 
ster anymore,"  Dr. 
Jerry  Campbell,  the  Chair  of  the 
TRLN  Executive  Committee,  pro- 
posed a  new  strategy  for  speeding 
up  the  remaining  developments 
of  the  total  system.  "We  need  an 
integrated  online  system  and  we 
need  it  quickly,"  Dr.  Campbell 
said  in  his  address  at  the  annual 
meeting.  "Research  libraries  can- 
not continue  to  be  effective 
without  automation." 


NEW  ENDOWMENTS 
ESTABLISHED 

Five  new  library  endowments 
have  been  established.  The  in- 
come from  the  investment  of 
these  funds  will  assist  the  library 
in  perpetuity,  providing  additional 
support  that  is  needed  to  main- 
tain the  fine  quality  of  the  collec- 
tion. They  will  also  serve  as  a 
permanent  tribute  to  the  individu- 
als) for  whom  they  are  named. 

The  Barbaralee  Diamonstein 
and  Carl  Spielvogel  Video 
History  Archive  Fund 

Barbaralee  Diamonstein  and  Carl 
Spielvogel  have  created  an  en- 
dowment fund  to  support  the 
maintenance  and  management  of 
the  Diamonstein/Spielvogel  Video 
Archive  in  the  Media  and 
Reserves  Department  of  the 
Library.  The  income  may  also  be 
used  to  underwrite  additional 
University-sponsored  tapings  of 
interviews  to  augment  the  collec- 
tion. The  Diamonstein/ 
Spielvogel  Video  Archive  consists 
of  video  interviews  with  design- 
ers, architects,  craftsmen,  artists, 
and  photographers. 

The  Korman  Leadership 
Endowment  Fund 

Stephen  H.  and  Toby  Korman 
have  created  an  endowment  fund 
to  encourage  the  education  of  fu- 
ture leaders  in  all  aspects  of 
American  society.  The  income 
from  the  fund  will  be  used  to  es- 
tablish the  Korman  American 


Presidency  Collection  in  the 
library,  comprised  of  books  deal- 
ing with  all  phases  of  the  Ameri- 
can presidency. 

The  John  and  Carol 
McEachren  Library 
Endowment  Fund 

John  and  Carol  McEachren,  both 
life  members  of  the  Friends  of 
the  Library  since  1984,  have 
created  an  endowment  for  the 
library.  The  income  from  the  en- 
dowment will  be  used  to  pur- 
chase books  for  the  library 
collection. 

The  Steed  Rollins  Memorial 
Library  Endowment  Fund 

Mozette  R.  Rollins  has  established 
the  Steed  Rollins  Memorial 
Library  Endowment  Fund  in 
memory  of  her  husband,  Steed 
Rollins.  The  income  from  the 
fund  will  be  used  to  purchase 
notable  and  rare  books  in  the 
field  of  American  and  English 
Literature  to  enhance  the  Steed 
Rollins  Collection  in  the  Rare 
Book  Department. 

The  Arlin  Turner  Library 
Endowment  Fund 

Thelma  Turner  and  her  children 
Richard  Arlin  Turner,  Jack  Sher- 
rill  Turner,  and  Arline  T.  Fonda 
have  established  the  Arlin  Turner 
Library  Endowment  Fund.  They 
created  this  endowment  in 
memory  of  Arlin  Turner,  who 
served  the  University  as  faculty 
member,  chairman  of  the  English 
Department,  and  James  B.  Duke 
Professor  of  English  over  a  period 
of  twenty-six  years.  The  income 
from  the  fund  will  be  used  for  the 
purchase  of  rare  books  in  the 
field  of  American  literature. 


PACKED  LIKE  SARDINES 

Well,  not  quite!  But  the  library  is 
making  the  most  of  its  small 
amount  of  remaining  space  for 
books  by  using  units  of  compact 
shelving  wherever  the  floors  will 
allow.  These  units,  which  use  a 
minimum  of  space  by  moving 
along  tracks  laid  in  the  floor, 
were  first  installed  in  the  "pit" 
area  of  the  subbasement  of  Per- 
kins several  years  ago.  Staff 
shelved  little-used  books  from  the 
crowded  branch  libraries  in  this 
closed  area.  Two  additional  areas 
in  the  subbasement  were  convert- 
ed to  compact  storage  last  year. 


Plans  call  for  installation  of  com- 
pact shelving  in  the  remainder  of 
the  subbasement  of  Perkins,  an 
area  of  the  East  Campus  Library 
and  a  room  in  the  Divinity 
School  Library  as  soon  as  funds 
are  available.  This  maximum  utili- 
zation of  the  available  space  will 
forestall  somewhat  the  need  to 
build  an  additional  library 
structure. 

CARD  CATALOG  CLOSES 

The  Post-1980  author-title  and 
subject  catalogs  have  been  closed 
and  dismantled  in  the  wake  of  the 
online  catalog.  These  two  card 
catalogs,  begun  when  the  catalog- 
ing rules  changed  in  1981,  con- 


tained records  for  all  items 
cataloged  since  that  year.  Because 
records  for  these  items  are  also 
in  the  online  catalog,  the  cards 
have  been  removed.  The  only 
cards  saved  from  the  post-1980 
catalogs  are  cross  references  from 
the  author-title  catalog  (not  yet 
available  in  the  online  catalog) 
and  cards  for  items  in  certain 
non-Roman  languages  not 
represented  in  the  online  catalog. 


Sonla  White  rolls  away  a 
unit  to  reveal  lust  the  hook 
she's  looking  lor 


CONVERSION  COMES  TO 
PERKINS 

If  you  want  to  use  an  item 
cataloged  for  the  Perkins  Library 
System  since  February  1979,  you 
can  find  it  by  going  to  a  computer 
terminal  and  checking  the  online 
catalog  record.  But  to  find  some- 
thing cataloged  before  that  date 
you  still  have  to  use  the  old  card 
catalog.  Now  that,  too,  is  starting 
to  change,  and  the  reason  is  "re- 
con."  This  term  is  an  abbreviation 
for  "retrospective  conversion,"  the 
process  of  converting  the  old 
catalog  cards  to  machine-readable 
form.  The  computer  tapes  of 
these  converted  records  are  then 
loaded  into  the  computer,  joining 
those  already  in  the  online  cata- 
log. The  Serials 

Department  began 
the  recon  of  serials 
in  December;  the 
Monographic 
Cataloging  Depart- 
ment will  begin 
work  on  mono- 
graphs  in  Sep- 
tember. 

When  Larry  Kline,  the  Head  of 
the  Monographic  Cataloging 
Department,  instructed  Dave 
Fennema,  Head  of  the  Cataloging 
Maintenance  Unit,  to  carry  out  re- 
con  with  existing  staff  and  stu- 
dents, Dave  had  to  find  people 
who  were  running  out  of  work. 
Fortunately,  he  did  not  have  far  to 


look.  Since  the  switch  from  cards 
to  the  online  catalog,  his  own 
unit  had  been  making  necessary 
adjustments  and  corrections  to 
catalog  records  many  times  faster 
than  before.  He  also  knew  that 
closing  the  new  card  catalogs 
would,  at  least  in  theory,  leave  the 
Filing/Revising  Unit  with  little  to 
do.  Therefore,  Dave  proposed  that 
these  two  units  form  a  new  Recon 
and  Catalog  Maintenance  Section 
under  his  direction  within  the 
Monographic  Cataloging  Depart- 
ment. That  approved  arrangement 
went  into  effect  on  July  1. 

The  Recon  and  Filing  Unit  of 
this  Section  will  be  responsible 
for  the  actual  conversion  of 
records.  Conversion  involves  us- 
ing a  computer  terminal  to  find  a 
corresponding  machine-readable 
record  in  OCLC,  a  database  of 
catalog  records  created  by 
libraries  throughout  the  U.S.  and 
Great  Britain.  Conversion  will  be 
done  by  a  team  of  students  after 
they  complete  a  comprehensive 
training  course.  They  will  learn  to 
interpret  manual  cards,  relate 
them  to  matching  online  records, 
and  edit  the  records  as  instructed. 

In  addition  to  suggesting  these 
organizational  changes,  Dave 
made  a  number  of  recommenda- 
tions which  were  studied  through- 
out the  summer.  He  proposed 
carrying  out  the  project  by  going 
through  the  author-title  card  cata- 
log in  alphabetical  order  from  A 
to  Z. 

Dave  believes  that  converting 
records  in  alphabetical  order 
makes  sense  for  two  reasons. 
"First,  it  is  efficient."  It  takes  ten 
times  as  long  to  pull  cards  out  of 
sequence  as  it  does  to  pull  them 
in  sequence.  Pulling  them  out  of 


sequence  would  either  require 
more  students  and  cost  more 
money,  or  slow  the  process  down 
considerably.  "Second,  proceed- 
ing in  alphabetical  order  is  the 
least  confusing  method  we  can 
use.  By  clearly  identifying  the 
drawers  in  which  we  are  working, 
we  will  make  it  easy  to  see  how 
far  recon  has  progressed  at  any 
given  time.  That  should  be  very 
helpful  to  those  who  need  to  use 
the  old  catalog  after  we  start  con- 
verting records." 

After  testing  the  procedures 
during  July  and  August,  the  full- 
scale  operation  should  begin 
when  students  return  in  the  fall. 
Dave  hopes  to  make  the  convert- 
ed record  available  in  the  online 
catalog  two  months  after  the  card 
has  been  removed  from  the  cata- 
log. Because  only  one  of  the 
several  catalog  cards  for  an  item 
will  be  removed  for  the  recon 
project  and  because  the  staff  will 
clearly  identify  the  drawers  in 
which  they  are  working,  there 
should  be  little  difficulty  in  locat- 
ing items  during  that  two-month 
period. 

The  staff  hope  to  convert 
50,000  records  by  the  end  of 
June  1988.  Since  there  are  a  mil- 
lion and  a  half  records  to  do,  re- 
con is  clearly  going  to  take  a 
while  (probably  fifteen  years).  But 
for  the  first  year  any  numerical 
goal  is  secondary.  The  primary 
goal  is  to  develop  an  efficient 
operation  which  will  convert  the 
maximum  number  of  usable 
records  for  the  available  money.  If 
more  money  becomes  available, 
recon  will  be  completed  sooner. 
Reported  by  Dave  Fennema 


si?  Hi 

COURTESY  UNITED  STWI  -  i  U'lTnl  Hl-Ti  mil  \l  ASSOCIATION 

SENATOR'S  PAPERS  WILL 
BE  MADE  AVAILABLE  FOR 
RESEARCH 

A  recent  gift  from  the  children  of 
the  late  Senator  B.  Everett  Jordan 
has  made  possible  the  processing 
of  the  massive  collection  of 
papers  which  Senator  Jordan  do- 
nated to  the  Duke  University 
Library  in  1973.  Ben  E.  Jordan, 
Jr.,  Rose  Ann  Jordan  Gant,  and 
John  M.  Jordan  in  May  1987  do- 
nated funds  that  allow  the 
Library's  Manuscript  Department 
to  employ  a  graduate  student  and 
an  intern  to  remove  nonarchival 
materials  from  the  collection,  or- 
ganize the  files  into  meaningful 
series,  and  create  an  inventory  of 
the  collection. 


B.  Everett  Jordan  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  U.S.  Senate  in  April 
1958  to  fill  the  vacancy  created  by 
the  death  of  W.  Kerr  Scott.  Later 
that  year  voters  elected  him  to  a 
two-year  term  completing  Kerr's 
unexpired  term  and  reelected  him 
in  1960  and  1966.  He  retired  from 
the  Senate  in  January  1973.  Prior 
to  his  senatorial  service  he  had 
been  an  officer  of  Sellers 
Manufacturing  Company,  which 
he  organized  in  1927;  chairman 
of  the  North  Carolina  Democratic 
Executive  Committee,  1949-1954; 
and  Democratic  national  commit- 
teeman from  North  Carolina, 
1954-1958. 

The  Jordan  Papers  consist  of 
approximately  365,000  items 


which  are  stored  in  1035  archival 
boxes  requiring  450  linear  feet  of 
shelving.  Archival  processing  will 
reduce  the  bulk  of  the  materials 
and  transform  the  mass  of  unor- 
ganized files  into  a  usable 
research  collection.  The  collec- 
tion includes  legislation  files, 
speeches  and  statements,  commit- 
tee files,  constituent  mail,  photo- 
graphs, and  other  materials.  It 
documents  well  Jordan's  senatori- 
al career,  national  legislative  and 
political  developments  during  his 
tenure  in  the  Senate,  and  numer- 
ous state  and  local  concerns  that 
involved  activities  at  the  federal 


23 


level.  The  Jordan  Papers  are  the 
fourth  senatorial  collection  to  be 
housed  in  the  Manuscript  Depart- 
ment, joining  those  of  early 
North  Carolina  Senators  Furnifold 
Simmons,  Josiah  W.  Bailey,  and 
Clyde  Hoey.  The  Department  ex- 
pects to  make  the  Jordan  Papers 
available  for  research  by  the  sum- 
mer of  1988. 

Reported  by  Robert  Byrd 
Head,  Manuscript  Dept. 

FLORENCE  BLAKELY 
GAINS  WELL  DESERVED 
REST 

On  December  31,  1986  Florence 
Blakely  retired  from  the  Library 
after  thirty-eight  years  of  service. 
Many  are  the  students  and  faculty 
who  gained  from  her  knowledge 
of  informational  sources  and  the 
library's  collection.  During  her 
tenure  as  Head  of  the  Reference 
Department  she  accumulated  an 
excellent  reference  collection 

while  developing  the 
Department  into  one 
held  in  high  regard 
among  university 
libraries.  In  1979 
Miss  Blakely  as- 
sumed the  position 
of  Assistant  Universi- 
ty Librarian  for  Col- 
lection Development. 
During  the  next  seven  years  she 
successfully  dealt  with  wild  infla- 
tion in  publishing,  new  formats 
of  materials,  changing  academic 
programs,  and  restricted  budgets. 


Ms.  Blakely  was  appointed  Act- 
ing University  Librarian  in  Janu- 
ary 1985.  She  served  in  this 
demanding  position  for  six 
months  prior  to  the  arrival  of  Dr. 
Jerry  Campbell. 

An  active  participant  in  profes- 
sional affairs,  she  served  ably  in 
many  capacities  in  the  American 
Library  Association,  as  well  as  in 
the  North  Carolina  Library  As- 
sociation. Her  accomplishments 
were  acknowledged  by  her  peers 
in  1974  when  she  was  awarded 
the  Isadore  Gilbert  Mudge  citation 
for  distinguished  contributions  to 
reference  librarianship  at  the  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  American 
Library  Association.  The  citation 
described  her  as  "the  personifica- 
tion of  the  best  in  reference 
librarianship." 

Ms.  Blakely  is  reported  to  be 
thoroughly  enjoying  her  retire- 
ment and  the  opportunity  to  trav- 
el. Her  spring  trip  to  England  will 
undoubtedly  be  followed  by  other 
such  jaunts. 

SERIALS  RECONVERSION 
PROJECT 

Excellent  progress  has  been  made 
by  the  cataloging  teams  of  Duke 
University,  North  Carolina  State 
University,  and  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  converting  cata- 
log cards  for  currently  received 
serials  to  machine-readable 
records  which  can  be  accessed 
through  the  cooperative  online 
catalog.  In  October  1986  a  U.  S. 
Department  of  Education  Title  II- 
C  grant  in  the  amount  of 
$170,242  was  awarded  to  the 
three  institutions  for  this  catalog- 
ing project.  The  effort  got  under- 
way in  December  with  the  hiring 
of  three  staff  members  at  each  in- 
stitution and  the  developing  of 
procedures  for  utilizing  machine- 
readable  records  in  OCLC  (an  in- 
ternational online  cataloging  data- 


base) to  create  local  cataloging  on 
computer  tape  for  loading  into 
the  online  catalog. 

The  three  institutions  have  a  to- 
tal of  43,000  currently  received 
serial  titles  for  conversion.  It  is 
hoped,  then,  that  the  grant  will 
be  renewed  for  a  total  of  five 
years  to  allow  completion  of  the 
conversion  of  all  these  titles  as 
well  as  the  addition  of  specific 
holdings  information  to  the  con- 
verted records.  The  20,000  titles 
which  Duke  needs  to  convert  in- 
clude records  from  the  Perkins 
system,  the  Medical  Center 
Library,  and  the  School  of  Law 
Library.  During  the  first  five 
months  of  the  project  Duke  staff 
converted  more  than  2,000  titles; 
a  total  of  nearly  5,000  titles  were 
converted  by  the  three  triangle 
libraries  during  this  time  period. 

Reported  by  Jeri  Van  Goethem 
Interim  Head,  Serials  Department 


Duke  University  Library 
Durham,  North  Carolina  27706 
USA 


NONPROFIT  ORG 
U.S.  POSTAGE 

PAID 
1)1  KM  AM  N.C 
PERMIT  NO  60 


Do  Not  Forward 

Address  Correction  Requested 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

Vol.  1.  No.  2     Winter.  1988 


East  Campus  Library  is  one  ol  the  nine 
libraries  comprising  the  Perkins  system, 
in  1986  87  the  number  ol  patrons  at  some 
ot  these  locations  was  record-creaking 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

Vol.  1,  No.  2      Winter,  1988 


Dr.  Henry  Petroski  at  a 
recent  Friends'  program 
(P.  16) 


The  Perkins  Library 
system  meets  the 
challenges  of  1986/87 
(insert) 


A  new  reference  work  has 
its  beginnings  at  Duke 
(p.  20) 


The  Vesic  Engineering 
Library  effectively  pro- 
vides services  and 
materials  to  its  clients,  as 
do  the  other  seven  branch 
libraries  (p.  2) 


FEATURES 

SPOTLIGHT  ON  THE  BRANCH  LIBRARIES  2 
An  introduction  to  the  eight  branch  libraries  and  their 
specialized  collections 

PERKINS  LIBRARY  SYSTEM  ANNUAL  REPORT.  INSERT 
1986/87  A  year  of  increased  productivity  and  heavy  use 
of  resources 


LETTERS  TO  THE  EDITOR 

7 

SHOW  YOUR  SUPPORT 

8 

FRIENDS'  CORNER 

11 

NEWS  NOTES 

17 

NOTABLE  ACQUISITIONS,  1986/87 

21 

VICE-PROVOST  FOR  LIBRARY 
AFFAIRS  AND  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARIAN 
Jerry  D.  Campbell 

EDITOR 
Joline  R.  Ezzell 

PUBLICATIONS  COMMITTEE 
Deborah  Jakubs 
Michael  Shumate 
Lauren  Williams 


Duke  University  Libraries  (ISSN 
0895-4909)  is  published  three 
times  a  year  by  Duke  University 
Library.  Durham.  NC  27706 
USA  (919)  684-2034.  It  is 
distributed  to  Duke  University 
faculty  members  and  library 
staff,  to  members  of  the  Friends 
of  the  Library  and  to  other 
libraries.  Letters  to  the  editor, 
subscription  inquiries,  and 
changes  of  address  should  be 
sent  to  the  Editor.  Duke 
University  Libraries.  Durham. 
NC  27706  USA.  Copyright  (c) 
1988  Duke  University  Library. 
Photography  by  Les  Todd. 
Designed  by  West  Side  Studio. 
Durham.  NC.  Typeset  by  Paste- 
Ups,  Ltd.  Printed  by  PBM 
Graphics.  Inc. 


SPOTLIGHT  ON  THE 
BRANCH  LIBRARIES 


BIOLOGY-FORESTRY 
LIBRARY 

The  Biology-Forestry  Library 
serves  a  basic  core  of  approxi- 
mately 340  faculty,  researchers, 
graduate  and  professional  stu- 
dents; about  500  undergraduates 
involved  in  biology  programs; 
regular  patrons  from  other  depart- 
ments such  as  Anthropology,  His- 
tory, and  Anatomy;  and  others 
outside  the  University.  There  is  a 
staff  of  three  full  time  employees, 
aided  by  eighty  hours  per  week  of 
student  support. 

Details  of  location,  open  hours 
and  subject  coverage  are  available 
in  the  online  catalog. 

During  1986/87  filled  inter- 
library  loan  requests  increased 
28%  over  the  previous  year. 
These  came  from  forty-four  states, 
plus  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
six  foreign  countries,  illustrating 
the  importance  of  the  library  as  a 
national  resource. 


The  Chemistry  Library 


Established  in  1921,  the  James 
J.  Wolfe  Memorial  Fund  for  bio- 
logical journals  honors  the  first 
botanist  on  the  faculty  of  Duke 
University.  Its  size  increased 
about  200%  in  1986/87,  bringing 
it  to  a  total  of  just  under  $4,000. 
It  is  hoped  that  additional  gifts 
will  augment  this  fund  to  make  it 
a  viable  resource  for  serials  pur- 
chases during  times  of  economic 
difficulty,  such  as  that  caused  by 
the  falling  value  of  the  dollar 
overseas. 

The  Biology-Forestry  collection 
now  totals  over  156,000  volumes. 
Because  the  facility  was  built  to 
hold  75,000  volumes,  approxi- 
mately half  of  the  collection  must 
be  housed  outside  the  library  and 
is  not  available  for  immediate 
use. 

CHEMISTRY  LIBRARY 

The  Duke  Chemistry  Library  is 
located  on  the  first  floor  of  the 
Paul  M.  Gross  Chemical  Labora- 
tory on  the  outskirts  of  West 
Campus.  It  has  6,414  square  feet 
of  space  with  seating  for  90  users 
at  carrels,  study  tables,  index  ta: 
bles,  and  in  a  conference  room 
and  casual  reading  area.  It  is  the 
oldest  of  the  departmental  collec- 
tions with  46,020  volumes  as  of 
June  30,  1987,  and  a  capacity  of 
46,000  volumes. 

The  library  serves  a  clientele  of 
169  chemistry  faculty,  staff,  gradu- 
ate students,  and  approximately 
125  undergraduate  chemistry 
majors.  It  is  staffed  by  one  full- 
time  professional  librarian,  one 
full-time  library  assistant,  and  five 
student  assistants.  It  is  open 
eighty-five  hours  per  week  during 
the  school  year  and  forty-five 


hours  a  week  during  vacations 
and  the  summer  months. 

The  collection  includes  com- 
plete runs  of  journals  and  serials 
on  chemical  subjects;  chemical 
reference  materials;  and  an  exten- 
sive monograph  collection.  Be- 
cause of  space  limitations,  some 
of  the  older  materials  are  in 
storage  in  Perkins  Library.  Stored 
materials  are  generally  available 
in  twenty-four  to  forty-eight  hours 
from  the  time  of  a  request. 

A  computer  terminal  gives  pa- 
trons access  to  a  wide  variety  of 
scientific,  technical  and  other 
databases.  Patrons  of  the  library 
also  have  access  to  the  collec- 
tions of  North  Carolina  State 
University  and  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 
through  the  TRLN  online  catalog 
and  cooperative  borrowing 
agreements. 

MATH-PHYSICS  LIBRARY 

Duke's  Math-Physics  Library  is  lo- 
cated in  the  Physics  Building 
which  is  on  Science  Drive  on 
West  Campus.  The  library  has 
3,660  square  feet  of  contiguous 
space  and  an  additional  511 
square  feet  of  storage  space  in  the 
building.  As  of  June  30,  1987,  its 
holdings  numbered  79,708 
volumes  with  about  600  current 
periodical  subscriptions  and  250 
current  serial  subscriptions.  Ap- 
proximately 15-20%  of  the  collec- 
tion is  in  storage.  Stored 
materials  are  usually  available 
within  twenty-four  to  forty-eight 
hours  of  being  requested. 


2 


Since  the  library's  collection 
consists  of  astronomy/astrophys- 
ics, advanced  mathematics,  phys- 
ics, and  statistics,  its  primary 
clientele  is  the  faculties  and 
graduate  students  of  the 
Mathematics  and  Physics  Depart- 
ments and  the  Institute  for  Statis- 
tics and  Decision  Sciences.  These 
departments  number  some  220 
faculty  and  graduate  students  and 
135  undergraduate  students.  The 
library  also  serves  the  nuclear 
physics  faculty,  graduate  students 
from  UNC  and  NCSU  who  are  as- 
sociated with  the  Triangle  Univer- 
sities' Nuclear  Laboratory,  and 
other  members  of  the  University 
community. 


The  library  is  staffed  by  one 
professional  librarian,  one  full- 
time  equivalent  library  assistant, 
and,  during  the  academic  year, 
sixty-one  hours  of  student  assis- 
tants. It  is  open  eighty-five  hours 
per  week  during  the  school  year 
and  forty-five  hours  per  week  dur- 
ing the  summers  and  vacations. 

Library  patrons  have  access  to 
the  more  recent  material  held  in 
other  Duke  libraries  and  the  col- 
lections of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill  and  North 
Carolina  State  University  through 
the  TRLN  online  catalogs  and 
through  special  cooperative  bor- 
rowing agreements. 


EAST  CAMPUS  LIBRARY 

The  East  Campus  Library, 
formerly  the  Woman's  College 
Library,  opened  in  August  1930 
with  a  core  collection  of  4,000 
volumes  carefully  selected  by 
faculty  from  departments  which 
would  offer  courses  in  the  newly- 
established  Woman's  College  of 
Duke  University.  From  this  small 
beginning  the  collection  on  East 
Campus  developed  primarily  to 
support  the  needs  of  Duke's  wom- 
en students.  Some  of  the  areas 
emphasized  because  of  women's 
interests  were  art,  music,  educa- 
tion, literature,  costume,  dance, 
gardening  and  cookery,  although 
all  subjects  in  the  liberal  arts 
were  covered.  During  its  first 
twenty-eight  years,  the  Woman's 


College  Library  also  served  as 
Duke's  art  museum.  The  build- 
ing's exhibits,  architecture  and 
furnishings,  including  the  James 
A.  Thomas  Memorial  Room  with 
its  Chinese  art  pieces,  still  today 
define  the  library  as  an  art  center 
as  well  as  a  library. 

In  1972  the  Woman's  College 
was  dissolved,  and  the  library 
was  renamed  the  East  Campus 
Library.  Since  that  time  the  focus 
of  the  collection  has  changed.  Art 
remains  the  major  research  col- 
lection since  the  music  materials 
were  removed  to  the  Biddle  Music 
Building  in  1974.  Now  that  Duke 
no  longer  offers  a  degree  in  edu- 
cation, books  in  that  area  (includ- 
ing children's  literature)  are  not 
being  collected.  Budget  con- 
straints also  have  eliminated  pur- 
chases to  support  peripheral 
topics  such  as  cookery  and 
gardening.  More  dance  and 
drama  books  are  being  purchased 


as  those  areas  expand.  Materials 
in  all  areas  of  the  liberal  arts  con- 
tinue to  be  added,  although  more 
selectively  than  in  the  past.  The 
entire  holdings  today  are  about 
220,000  volumes. 

Users  of  the  East  Campus 
Library  still  tend  to  be 
predominantly  from  the  students 
resident  on  East  Campus  and 
faculty  with  offices  on  East, 
although  the  library's  special  col- 
lections bring  others  to  this  cam- 
pus. During  the  summer  the 
library  supports  the  reference  and 
book  needs  of  Duke's  Talent 
Identification  Program  and  the 
American  Dance  Festival.  Of 
about  45,000  volumes  circulated 
annually,  the  highest  percentage 
is  from  the  literature  collections, 
reflecting  the  strength  in  that  area 
dating  back  to  the  early  years. 
However,  there  continues  to  be 
significant  circulation  from  the 
subject  areas  of  history,  biography 


and  the  social  sciences.  Recently 
with  the  expansion  of  the  collec- 
tions and  curriculum  in  art 
history  and  "the  arts,"  the  use  of 
these  materials  has  increased 
noticeably.  In  addition  to  circula- 
tion of  materials,  the  staff  of  the 
reference  department  answer 
nearly  10,000  questions  per  year 
in  serving  the  library's  users. 

MUSIC  LIBRARY 

The  Music  Library,  located  in  the 
Mary  Duke  Biddle  Music  Building 
on  the  East  Campus,  came  into 
being  at  the  time  of  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  building  in  October  of 
1974.  The  total  square  footage  of 
all  library  areas  is  about  4,000; 
there  is  seating  space  for  twenty- 
seven  patrons  at  four  large  tables 
and  eleven  individual  carrels.  As 
of  June  30,  1987,  the  cataloged 
collection  included  65,803  books 
and  scores  and  7,782  microform 
pieces. 

Despite  the  present  significant 
space  limitations,  the  library's 
collection  continues  to  grow  at  an 
appreciable  rate  (3,000  to  3,500 
volumes  per  year),  in  accordance 
with  a  long-range  plan  to  reach 
100,000  volumes  in  a  decade.  A 
new  building  adjoining  the 
present  structure  is  being 
planned.  Among  the  library's 
holdings  the  Weinmann  Collec- 
tion of  some  3,000  items  of  sheet 
music,  published  mostly  in 
Vienna  in  the  late  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  centuries,  constitutes  a 
significant  and  unique  resource 
for  research.  Subject  areas  for 
research  include  keyboard  music, 
performance  practice,  musical 
iconography,  and  opera. 

Three  full-time  staff  members 
(two  professional  librarians  and 


-    ^     The  Music  Library 


one  library  assistant)  and  seven 
student  assistants  provide  ser- 
vices and  keep  the  library  run- 
ning on  a  regular  schedule  of 
eighty-seven  hours  per  week, 
reduced  during  vacations  and 
summer  months  to  forty-five 
hours  per  week. 

The  clientele  of  the  library  in- 
cludes the  thirty-four  members  of 
the  Music  Department  faculty, 
twenty-five  graduate  students  in 
the  A.M.  and  Ph.D.  programs  and 
twenty  undergraduates  working 
toward  the  B.A.  in  music,  plus 
numerous  non-music  majors  and 
other  members  of  the  university 
community. 

PEARSE  MEMORIAL 
LIBRARY 

The  Pearse  Memorial  Library  was 
established  in  1954,  named  to 
honor  Professor  A.S.  Pearse,  the 
Duke  zoologist  who  founded  the 
Duke  University  Marine  Laboratory 
at  Beaufort,  N.C.  It  was  a  modest 
beginning  —  two  small  rooms 
with  a  collection  of  nine  periodi- 
cals and  1,862  reprints.  However, 
it  supplemented  its  meager  hold- 
ings by  exchanges  with  marine 
laboratories  all  over  the  world.  In 
1958,  the  extensive  holdings  of 
"Doc"  Pearse  were  added. 

In  1964  a  part-time  library  as- 
sistant was  hired;  five  years  later 
the  position  was  expanded  to  full- 
time.  In  1974,  the  library  moved 
to  the  new  I.E.  Gray  Library- 
Auditorium  Building.  It  has  a 
seating  capacity  for  fifty  users  at 
study  tables,  carrels,  and  a  small 
casual  reading  area.  With  a  capa- 
city for  about  20,000  volumes, 


the  library  contains  17,948 
volumes  as  of  June  30,  1987.  It 
receives  140  current  periodicals 
on  subscription.  The  collection 
includes  journals,  serials,  refer- 
ence materials  and  monographs 
on  marine  biology,  oceanography, 
botany  and  biochemistry. 

The  library  serves  a  clientele  of 
40  faculty,  staff  and  graduate  stu- 
dents, and  approximately  175  un- 
dergraduates. It  is  staffed  by  one 
full-time  library  associate,  and  is 
open  twenty-four  hours  a  day, 
seven  days  a  week,  fifty-two  weeks 
of  the  year.  A  computer  terminal 
gives  patrons  access  to  a  wide 
variety  of  scientific,  technical  and 
other  databases  including  the 
TRLN  online  catalog.  Patrons  of 
the  library  also  have  access  to  the 
collections  of  the  two  other  ma- 
rine science  libraries  in  the  area, 
the  National  Marine  Fisheries 
Service  and  UNC's  Institute  of 
Marine  Science.  In  1982  the 
Library  was  host  to  the  Interna- 


tional Association  of  Marine 
Science  Libraries  and  Information 
Centers  Conference,  attended  by 
eighty-five  participants  from  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

ALEKSANDAR  SEDMAK 
VESIC  ENGINEERING 
LIBRARY 

The  Engineering  Library  occupies 
approximately  14,500  square  feet 
on  the  middle  three  floors  of  the 
Nello  L.  Teer  Engineering  Library 
Building.  The  Engineering 
Library  moved  to  its  present 
facility  during  the  summer  of 

1984,  and  with  the  return  of  the 
students  to  campus  that  fall 
immediately  became  a  popular 
study  location  for  the  engineering 
undergraduates.  In  the  spring  of 

1985.  the  Engineering  Library 
was  dedicated  in  memory  of 
Aleksandar  Sedmak  Vesic,  the 
late  dean  of  the  School  of 
Engineering  whose  inspiration 
and  goal  it  was  that  the  Teer 
Library  Building  be  constructed. 


Mobiles  hang  in  the 
catalog/reference  area  of 
the  Divinity  School 
Library 


Aleksandar  Sedmak  Vesic,  the 
late  dean  of  the  School  of  En- 
gineering whose  inspiration  and 
goal  it  was  that  the  Teer  Library 
Building  be  constructed. 

A  separate  Engineering  collec- 
tion was  first  established  at  Duke 
(then  Trinity)  in  1923,  and  in  the 
intervening  sixty-five  years  the 
holdings  have  grown  to  reach  a 


In  the  Vesic  Engineering 
Library  students  work 
together  on  a  problem. 


total  of  approximately  83,000 
volumes  and  to  include  a  journal 
subscription  roster  of  over  900 
titles.  The  Engineering  Library 
serves  both  the  School  of  En- 
gineering and  the  Department  of 
Computer  Science;  the  joint  loca- 
tion of  the  electrical  engineering 
and  the  computer  science  materi- 
als has  proven  to  be  of  particular 
benefit  for  both  disciplines.  The 


primary  user  population  of  the 
Engineering  Library  consists  of 
115  faculty,  285  graduate  students, 
and  980  undergraduate  majors. 

The  Engineering  Library  at- 
tempts to  maintain  a  working  col- 
lection of  the  English-language 
literature  in  engineering  and  com- 
puter science,  with  special  em- 
phasis on  the  publications  of  the 
principal  American  professional 
engineering  societies  as  well  as 
the  Association  for  Computing 
Machinery.  For  certain  categories 
of  the  technical  literature  such  as 
foreign  language  journals,  patents, 
research  reports,  preprints,  and 
standards,  considerable  reliance 
is  placed  upon  the  strong  techni- 
cal collections  at  North  Carolina 
State  University  and  the  Georgia 
Institute  of  Technology  with 
whom  close  interlibrary  loan  rela- 
tionships are  operative.  A 
computer-assisted  literature 
search  service  is  available  from 
the  Engineering  Library  by  ap- 
pointment with  the  librarian.  A 
cluster  of  five  Macintosh  com- 
puters is  located  on  the  bottom 
floor  of  the  Engineering  Library 
and  may  be  used  at  anytime  dur- 
ing the  eighty-seven  hours  that 
the  library  is  open  each  week 
when  the  University  is  in  session 
(reduced  hours  during  the  sum- 
mer). The  Engineering  Library 
also  has  a  videocassette  monitor 
that  is  available  for  public  use. 

DIVINITY  SCHOOL 
LIBRARY 

The  Duke  Divinity  School  Library 
is  located  in  the  east  end  of  Gray 
Building  between  the  Divinity 
School  and  the  Perkins  Library, 
and  is  immediately  accessible 
from  the  main  quadrangle  in 
front  of  the  Chapel.  The  largest  of 
the  satellite  libraries  in  the  Per- 
kins Library  system,  its  holdings 


are  now  in  excess  of  250,000 
volumes,  shelved  on  eight  stack 
levels.  Two  reading  rooms,  one 
housing  the  current  periodicals 
and  the  other  the  reference  col- 
lection, provide  seating  for  194 
readers,  while  ninety-three  in- 
dividual study  carrels  are  scat- 
tered throughout  the  stacks. 

The  Divinity  School  Library  is 
operated  by  two  professional 
librarians  (the  Librarian  and  the 
Reference  Librarian),  three  full- 
time  support  staff,  and  nineteen 
students  assistants.  Currently  all 
five  of  the  full-time  staff  hold  the 
degree  of  Master  of  Theology.  The 
library  is  open  eighty-five  hours  a 
week,  offering  service  every  day 
during  the  regular  school  year. 

The  primary  clientele  served  by 
the  Divinity  School  Library  con- 
sists of  the  faculties  of  the  Divinity 
School  and  the  Department  of 
Religion,  approximately  390  can- 
didates for  graduate  degrees  in 
the  Divinity  School,  more  than  80 
Ph.D.  candidates  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Religion,  and  approxi- 
mately 100  undergraduate  religion 
majors  in  that  department.  But 
the  library's  strong  holdings  in 
art,  music,  languages,  and  the  so- 
cial sciences  and  humanities  as 
they  relate  to  religion  bring  it  pa- 
trons from  a  broad  spectrum  of 
the  University  community.  Its  col- 
lection of  mobiles  hanging  in  the 
public  areas  attracts  many  who 
come  to  see  them  and  stay  to 
read  the  books. 

Among  the  particular  strengths 
represented  in  the  Divinity 
School  Library  collection  are 
American  Christianity,  Judaic 
studies,  religious  art  and  architec- 
ture, Quakerism,  John  Wesley  and 
Methodism,  Near  Eastern  and 
Egyptian  archaeology,  Buddhism, 
and  patristics.  = 


Congratulations  on  your  new 
publication!  It's  attractive,  inform- 
ative, and  entertaining.  As  a  Duke 
graduate  (T'56)  and  a  librarian,  I 
eagerly  await  news  about  the 
libraries.  I  thought  it  particularly 
appropriate  to  devote  this  first 
issue  to  computerization  —  the 
most  significant  change  in 
librarianship  in  decades. 

I  am  curious  to  know  if  contri- 
butions to  endowment  funds  have 
increased  as  a  result  of  listing  the 
funds  on  the  membership  forms. 
If  so,  an  article  on  this  topic 
would  be  interesting.  I  have  sug- 
gested to  our  Library  Friends  that 
they  adopt  the  idea. 

Philip  E.  Leinbach 
University  Librarian 
Howard  Tilton  Memorial  Library 
Tulane  University 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana 


I  am  not  happy  about  the  re- 
cent new  publication,  Duke 
University  Libraries.  As  library 
representative  of  my  department, 
I  am  more  aware  each  year  that 
we  are  falling  seriously  behind  in 
our  ability  to  acquire  even  the  ba- 
sic books  in  the  various  special- 
ties that  we  teach  here  at  Duke. 
Indeed,  inflation  and  the  low  dol- 
lar mean  that  we  now  acquire 
substantially  fewer  books  than  we 
did  a  few  years  ago.  Your  publica- 
tion was  obviously  an  expensive 
production,  and  I  am  not  alone  in 
thinking  that  those  funds  should 
have  been  spent  on  books  rather 
than  on  public  relations. 
I  would  be  grateful  for  a  vigorous 
affirmation  on  the  part  of  the  li- 
brary administration  that  its  main 
function  is  to  provide  as  complete 
and  distinguished  collection  of 
books  as  possible;  that  simple 
goal  in  itself  would  be  the 
greatest  contribution  you  could 
make  to  this  University  and  the 
community  of  teachers,  scholars, 
and  students  that  it  serves. 


CONGRATULATIONS! 

Your  new  publication,  Duke 
University  LIBRARIES,  is  impres- 
sive and  informative.  I  look  for- 
ward to  receiving  future 
publications.  You,  Joline  and  all 
of  the  committee  have  done  a 
wonderful  job. 

Patricia  C.  Skarulis 

Vice  President  for  Information 

Systems 
Duke  University 

Just  a  note  to  congratulate  you 
on  the  new  publication  Duke 
University  Libraries.  It's  the  best 
looking  publication  of  its  kind 
that  I've  seen  from  any  ARL  li- 
brary. Keep  up  the  good  work. 

Shirley  Echelman 
Executive  Director 
Associate  of  Research  Libraries 
Washington,  D.C. 


Caroline  Bruzelius 
Associate  Professor 
Duke  University 
Department  of  Art  and  Art 
History 


SHOW  YOUR  SUPPORT! 


To  join  the  Friends  of  the  Library  or  to  renew  your  mem-  If  you  are  a  Duke  employee  and  would  like  to  make  your 
bership  for  1988,  please  return  the  form  at  right,  with  contribution  through  payroll  deduction,  please  call  the 


check  payable  to  Duke  University  Library,  to: 
Administrative  Office 
220  Perkins  Library 
Duke  University 
Durham,  N.C.  27706  USA 


Gift  Records  Office  at  684-2338.  You  may  be  able  to  in- 
crease your  gift  through  a  matching  program.  If  your  com- 
pany has  a  policy  of  matching  charitable  gifts,  please 
obtain  a  form  from  your  employer,  fill  out  the  required 
information,  and  send  it  along  with  your  gift. 


JOIN  THE  FRIENDS 
OF  THE  LIBRARY 


Membership  levels  are: 
Life 
Patron 
Sustainer 
Member 


$1000  (over  5  years) 
500 
100 

25 


Library  Endowment  Funds 

Fund  name,  Year  established,  and  Purpose 


1  Avera  Bible  Fund.  1895 

(Biblical  Studies.  Divinity  School  Library) 

2  Isaac  Erwin  Avery  Fund.  1905 

(Journalism) 

3  Louis  W.  Bailey  Memorial  Fund.  1958 

(Divinity  School  Library  Books) 

4  John  Spencer  Bassett  Memorial  Fund,  1942 

(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

5  Patricia  Meyers  Baugh  Endowment  Fund.  1984 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

6  John  M.  and  Sally  V.  Blalock  Beard  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(United  States  History  and  Southern  Writers) 

7  Mary  Duke  Biddle  Library  Fund.  1946 

(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

8.     Joseph  G.  Brown  Book  Fund.  1921 
(Manuscripts) 

9     Kenneth  W.  and  Adelaide  D.  Clark  Greek  New  Testament 
Manuscript  Fund,  19T9 

III      Class  ol  191)9  Fund,  191)9 

(Unrestricted  library  book  purchases) 

11  R  Taylor  Cole  Endowment  Fund,  1970 

(Comparative  and  Foreign  Government  Materials) 

12  Donald  D  and  Elizabeth  Griggs  Cooke  Foundation  Library  Endow- 
ment Fund.  198J 

(Rare  Books) 

13  Eh  Franklin  Craven  Endowment  Fund.  1983 

(American  Studies  Manuscripts) 

14  Harry  L  Dalton  Curator  of  Rare  Books  Endowment.  1986 

(Salary,  travel,  and  equipment  support  (or  the  Curator  of  Rare 
Books) 

15  Elizabeth  Howland  and  Robert  Grady  Dawson  Endowment  Fund 
1983 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

Id      Frank  T.  de  Vyver  Endowment  Fund,  1970 
(Labor  Relations,  Labor  Economics) 

17     Barbaralee  Diamonstein/Carl  Spielvogel  Video  History  Archive 
Fund.  1987 

(Maintenance  of  the  Diamonstein/Spielvogel  Videoarchive  Col- 
lection) 


18  Dunspaugh-Dalton  Endowment  Fund,  1979 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

19  John  and  Eleanor  Thomas  Elliott  Library  Fund.  1973 

(Upkeep  of  Thomas  Room.  East  Campus  Library) 

20  George  Washington  Flowers  Memorial  Fund.  1941 

(Southern  Americana) 

21  Friends  of  the  Library  Fund 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

22  William  Francis  Gill  Memorial  Fund.  1918 

(Books  in  the  field  of  Latin) 

23  Elizabeth  T  and  William  B.  Gosnell  Library  Endowment  Fund. 
1986 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

24  Charles  M,  and  Mary  D,  Grant  Foundation  Book  Fund,  1975 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

2.S     Virginia  Gearhart  Gray  Endowment  Fund.  1976 
(American  History  Manuscripts) 

26  Wally  R.  Hacked  Fund,  1981 

(Psychology) 

27  William  B  Hamilton  Fund,  1965 

(Manuscripts  pertaining  to  British  and  Imperial  History) 

28  Evelyn  J,  Harrison  Endowment  Fund,  1984 

(Support  of  East  Campus  Library) 

29  Stuart  C.  Henry  Endowment  Fund.  1975 

(History  ol  Christianity  in  the  LI  S. .  Divinity  School  Library) 

30  Eric  L  Holsti  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1978 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

31  Jay  B  Hubbell  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Materials  for  and  support  of.  the  Jay  B  Hubbell  Center) 

32  Huckle  Librarv  Fund,  1981) 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

33  Henry  H  Jordan  Memorial  Foundation.  1947 

(Support  of  the  Ministers'  Loan  Library,  Divinity  School) 


All  contributions  to  The  Friends  of  the  Library  are  tax  deductible  as  provided  by  law. 


Name.  ,  

Address   

City   State   Zip   Date   

Amount  $    Fund  Number*   

*If  you  wish  to  allocate  your  dues  to  any  of  the  existing  funds  listed  below,  please  write  in  the  fund  number.  The  Friends  of  the  Library  Fund  (no.  21)  supports  Friends'  activities,  publications,  and  library  book  purchases. 


34     William  Arthur  Kale,  Jr.  Memorial  Fund,  1964 

(Fine  Arts  and  Religious  Musicology,  Divinity  School  Library) 

35.  Abram  and  Frances  Kanof  Collection  Endowment,  1986 

(Hebrew  iconography) 

36.  Korman  Leadership  Fund.  1987 

(American  Presidency  Collection) 

37.  J.  Walter  Lambeth  Fund,  1966 

(International  Relations) 

38.  Karla  Langedijk  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1981 

(Rare  Books  on  Iconography  and  Emblematics) 

39.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Fund,  1970 

(Spanish  Colonial  History) 

40.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Collection  Fund,  1973 

(Ibero-American  Studies) 

41.  John  and  Carol  McEachren  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

42.  Gertrude  Merritt  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

43.  Harvey  M.  and  Lenore  P.  Meyerhoff  Library  Fund,  1980 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

44  Ormond  Memorial  Fund,  1924 

(Books  on  the  Rural  Church,  Divinity  School  Library) 

45  Harold  T.  Parker  Book  Fund,  1978 

(European  History,  particularly  France.  1589-1815) 

46.  Lucile  Parker  Fund,  1966 

(French  History) 

47.  T.  L.  Perkins  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1971 

(Rare  Books) 

48.  Benjamin  E.  Powell  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1975 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

49.  Lura  Abernethy  Rader  Library  Fund.  1979 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

50.  Arthur  G.  Raynes  Endowment  in  Imaginative  Writing.  1986 

(Contemporary  Literary  Manuscripts) 


51.  Floyd  M.  and  Marguerite  F.  Riddick  Endowment  Fund,  1983 

(Manuscripts  and  Related  Materials  pertaining  to  Legislative  and 
Parliamentary  Procedure,  American  Politics,  and  Public  Policy) 

52.  Alice  S.  and  Louis  H.  Roddis,  Jr.  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Manuscripts  Pertaining  to  the  History  of  Science  and  Tech- 
nology) 

53.  Steed  Rollins  Memorial  Library  Endowment,  1987 

(Rare  Books  in  American  and  English  Literature) 

54.  Rudolph  William  Rosati  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Promotion  of  Creative  Writing  Among  Undergraduates) 

55.  Mattie  Underwood  Russell  Endowment  Fund,  1985 

(Acquisitions  and  Preservation  of  Manuscripts  and  Manuscript 
Collections  pertaining  to  the  History  and  Culture  of  North,  Cen- 
tral and  South  America) 

56     Jay  Rutherfurd  Living  History  Endowment  Fund.  1981 
(Video-Taping  for  the  Living  History  Program,) 

57.     Robert  S.  Smith  Memorial  Fund,  1971 

(Latin  American  and  Spanish  Economics) 

58     Mary  Olive  Thomas  Endowment  Fund.  1984 
(Books  on  the  Italian  Renaissance) 

59.  Arlin  Turner  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Rare  Books  in  American  Literature) 

60.  Walter  McGowan  and  Minnie  Daniel  Upchurch  Fund.  1971 

(Sacred  Music) 

61.  Aleksandar  S.  Vesic  Memorial  Book  Fund,  1985 

(Books  in  Engineering) 

62     John  P.  Waggoner,  Jr.  Endowment  Fund,  1984 
(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

63.  Gratton  Williams  Fund,  1920 

(Development  of  the  Library) 

64.  James  J.  Wolfe  Memorial  Fund,  and  Friends  of  the  Biology- 
Forestry  Library.  1921 

(Biological  Journals) 

65.  Lizzie  Taylor  Wrenn  Foundation  Fund,  1921 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 


FRIENDS'  CORNER 


FRIENDS'  ACTIVITIES 
PAST  AND  FUTURE 


FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

There  are  presently  749  members 
of  the  Friends  of  the  Library,  who 
contributed  $379,126.40  during 
1986/87.  In  addition,  they 
donated  many  books  and  journal 
issues.  This  munificence  was 
increased  by  matching 
contributions  of  $11,585.  This 
wonderful  support  is  much 
appreciated  by  the  Library  and 
University  administrations.  Our 
goal  for  1988  is  820  members.  We 
hope  you  will  renew  your  mem- 
bership if  you  have  not  already 
done  so,  increasing  your 
contribution  over  that  of  last  year 
if  possible.  And  encourage  others 
to  join  the  Friends  as  well. 

The  current  members  of  the 
Friends  of  the  Library  are: 

Mrs.  Ada,  Alexander  E.  W.,  Jr. 

Mr  Albert,  Burton,  Jr. 

Prof  Alden,  John  R. 

Ms  Alexander,  Sarah  Rutledge 

Dr  Allen,  Gay  Wilson 

Dr  Anderson,  Carl  L. 

M/M  Anderson,  Charles  R. 

Mr  Anderson,  Herschel  V. 

Prof  Anderson,  Lewis  E. 

Mr  Arms,  George 

Dr  Bailey,  Joseph  R. 

Prof  Baker,  Frank 

Mrs  Balick,  Neil 

Dr  Balick,  Neil 

Prof  Ball,  M.  Margaret 

Miss  Banham,  Katherine  M. 

Mrs  Barber,  Edwin  Ford 

Mrs  Barlow,  Ann  M. 

Mrs  Barnes,  Alice  Anderson 

Ms  Barrett,  G.  Jaia 

Mr  Basefsky,  Stuart  M. 

Mr  Bate,  Rodney  Edwin 

Mr  Baugh,  P.  J. 

Mrs  Baumann,  Helene 

Mr  Bayer,  Philip  Arnold 

M/M  Beard,  John  M. 

Ms  Beard,  Phyllis  J. 

Miss  Beasley,  Rebecca  0. 


Ms  Beck,  Molly  Levin 

Mr  Benenson,  Edward 

M/M  Berger,  Kenneth  W. 

Mrs  Bergholz,  Donna  Chapin 

Mr  Berini,  Joe  F. 

Dr  Bevan,  William 

Mrs  Biggs,  Jeffrey  R. 

Mr  Bissett,  James  Scott 

Mr  Bitter,  Edwin  W. 

Mr  Black,  Loyd  H„  Jr. 

Dr  Blackburn  ,  John  0. 

Mrs  Blackwelder,  Teresa  S. 

Mr  Blakely,  Bruce  Frederick 

Mrs  Blakely,  Bruce  Frederick 

Miss  Blakely,  Florence 

Mr  Block,  Richard  0. 

Ms  Blue,  Catherine  A. 

M/M  Boccuti,  Ascanio  S. 

Miss  Boehling,  Rebecca  L. 

Mr  Bogatin,  Mark  J. 

Mr  Bohrer,  Barry  A. 

Prof  Bone,  Allan  H. 

Prof  Bonk,  James 

M/M  Boone,  Samuel  M. 

Mrs  Booth,  Barbara  DeLapp 

Mrs  Bostock,  Roy  J. 

Mrs  Bowers,  Elizabeth 

Ms  Bowser,  Angela  P. 

Prof  Boyce,  Benjamin 

Prof  Boyd,  Robert  T 

Mrs  Bradley,  Marion  C. 

Mr  Brady,  Lehman 

Mrs  Bradshaw,  H.  C.  (Mildred  C) 

Prof  Braibanti,  Ralph  J. 

Mr  Branch,  Edgar  M. 

Ms.  Branson,  Barbara 

Miss  Brenneman,  Beverly  A. 

Mr  Brenner,  Dean  Robert 

Mr  Broadfoot,  Thomas  Winston 

Mrs  Brock,  Dorothy  P. 

Mr  Brodsky,  Donald  W. 

Dr  Brody,  Harold  J. 

M/M  Bronner,  Finn  E. 

Miss  Brown,  Beth  Ellen 

Dr  Brown,  Frances  C. 

Miss  Brown,  Mary  Ann 

Mrs  Brown,  Mary-Douglass  S. 

Mr  Brown,  Thomas  P. 

Mrs  Bruning,  H.  F.,  Jr. 

Prof  Bruzelius,  Caroline 

Mrs  Bryan,  David  C.  (Beth) 

Dr  Bryan,  T.  Conn 

Dr  Bryan,  Virginia  S. 

Dr  Buchanan,  Edith 

M/M  Buchanan,  H.  Ray  (Lori  E) 


Mrs  Budd,  Isabelle 

Prof  Budd,  Louis  J. 

Mrs  Buie,  James  Campbell 

Mr  Bulgari,  Nicola 

Dr  Burch,  Robert  L. 

Mrs  Burchell,  Bonnie  R. 

Prof  Burdick,  Donald  S. 

Mr  Burgin,  Robert  E. 

Ms  Burke,  Dolores  L. 

Mr  Burr,  William  Corlett  D 

Dr  Burris,  C.  Allen 

Mr  Burton,  Henry  B. 

Mr  Butler,  Harry  Scott 

Ms  Butler,  Katherine  Louise 

Mr  Byrd,  Robert  L. 

Mrs  Cady,  Edwin  H. 

Prof  Cady,  Edwin  H. 

Dr  Cahow,  Clark 

Mrs  Caldwell,  Elizabeth  G. 

Miss  Canada,  Mary  Whitfield 

Ms  Carlock,  Mary  Sue 

Mrs  Carrington,  Bessie 

Dean  Carrington,  Paul 

Ms  Carroll,  Dorothy  M. 

Mr  Carter,  Robert  W,  Jr. 

Mrs  Cartwright,  William  H. 

Prof  Cartwright,  William  H. 

Prof  Caserta,  Ernesto  G. 

Prof  Champion,  L.  S. 

Mr  Chapman,  John 

Prof  Chappell,  Fred 

Dr  Chu,  Limin 

Mr  Clark,  Arthur  W 

Mrs  Clark,  Kenneth  Willis 

Mr  Clarkson,  William,  IV 

Ms  Clay,  Mary  S. 

Mrs  Cleary,  Charlie  E.  (Martha) 

Mrs  Cleland,  Alice  M. 

Prof  Clotfelter.  Charles 

Prof  Cole,  R.  Taylor 

Dr  Cole,  Susan  L. 

Dr  Colton,  Joel  G. 

Mrs  Colton.  Shirley  B. 

Mrs  Colvin,  Gloria  P. 

Mr  Colvin,  Jesse  Michael 

Mrs  Cook,  Emily  W. 

Mr  Cook,  Larry 

Mrs  Cooke,  Elizabeth  Griggs 

Miss  Covington,  Lena 

Mr  Cox,  Gregory  G. 

Mrs  Cox,  Laura  T. 

Mrs  Cox,  Mary  S. 

Mr  Cozart,  David  Lester,  III 

Mr  Craven,  F.  Duval 


INTRODUCTION 

The  1986/87  academic  year  was 
a  remarkable  year  for  the  Perkins 
Library  System  of  Duke 
University.  It  was  by  many 
measures  a  year  of  signal 
accomplishment.  Statistically,  the 
Library  grew  by  121.515  items 
consisting  of: 

•  63,940  books,  serials  and 
pamphlets 

•  3,914  resources  in  other 
formats 

•  53,661  uncataloged  government 
documents 

Organizationally,  the  Library 
prospered  under  a  new, 
participative  management 
structure.  In  all  traditional  cate- 
gories of  measure,  productivity 


Jerry  D.  Campbell 


surged  ahead  scoring  double  digit 
increases,  with  many  individual 
staff  members  setting  new  records 
of  achievement.  It  was  a  year  in 
which  the  Library  replaced  the 
last  seven  years  of  its  card  catalog 
with  a  computerized  catalog.  It 
was,  as  well,  a  year  in  which  the 
total  recorded  use  of  the  Library 
reached  an  all-time  high. 

Yet  it  was  also  a  year  in  which 
the  Library  faced  a  number  of  for- 
midable challenges.  One  such 
challenge  concerned  space. 
Needing  approximately  one  and 
one-half  miles  of  new  shelf  space 
last  year  in  a  building  already 
comfortably  full,  Perkins  Library 
continued  the  process  of 
replacing  regular  shelving  with 
compact  shelving.  Several  branch 
libraries,  having  filled  all 
available  shelving,  transferred 
older  materials  to  Perkins  in  or- 
der to  make  room  for  new 
acquisitions  in  the  branches. 

Another  challenge  of  the  past 
year  was  the  process  of  change 
associated  with  automating  the 
Library  catalog.  The  post-1980 
catalog  was  removed,  for 
instance,  and  along  with  it  went 
the  jobs  of  those  who  filed  cards. 
Automation  actually  began  to  al- 
ter some  practices  that  the  library 
staff  had  followed  since  the  Li- 
brary began.  We  learned  new  and 
better  ways  to  present  the 
bibliography  for  Library  holdings. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  challenge 
of  the  year  came  in  the  form  of 
maintaining  the  quality  of  the 
Library's  serial  collection  in  light 
of  unprecedented  price  increases. 
In  a  year  in  which  the  serial 
budget  had  received  a  substantial 
11%  increase,  serial  prices  soared 
an  average  of  19  % .  The  cause  of 
this  dramatic  price  increase  was 


only  partly  inflation.  Since  over 
half  of  the  Library's  serials  are 
foreign  publications,  it  was  also 
due  to  the  increasingly  weak 
dollar  in  relation  to  foreign 
currencies.  In  addition,  many 
foreign  publishers  applied  a 
practice  known  as  "differential 
pricing."  This  is  the  practice  of 
charging  North  American 
libraries  exorbitantly  higher 
prices  than  are  charged  to 
libraries  elsewhere  in  the  world. 
The  final  cause  of  this  major 
price  jump  was  the  continuing 
increase  in  the  total  number  of 
pages  published  in  serial 
publications.  All  these  factors 
combined  to  create  a  situation  in 
which  a  larger  portion  of  Library 
resources  was  required  for 
subscriptions  than  was  intended. 

In  retrospect,  for  our 
achievements  I  am  thankful  and 
grateful.  They  are  due  to  the 
creative,  committed,  and 
indomitable  staff  of  this  Library. 
With  their  talent  and  enthusiasm, 
they  are  unstoppable.  Against  the 
continuing  challenges  therefore,  I 
can  only  be  confident.  We  have 
the  human  resources  to  succeed. 

It  takes  financial  resources  as 
well.  And,  again,  I  am  confident. 
In  the  past  year,  Friends  and  oth- 
er supporters  of  the  Library 
contributed  over  $600,000  to  li- 
brary accounts.  This  kind  of 
support  is  the  cornerstone  of  a 
strong  and  vigorous  Library  in 
future  years,  and  for  it,  too,  1  am 
thankful  and  grateful. 

Jerry  D.  Campbell 
Vice-Provost  and  University 
Librarian 


SERVING  THE  UNIVERSITY 
COMMUNITY 

"Who  is  Caesar's  Salad  named 
after?"  "Do  you  have  information 
on  barefoot  doctors  in  China?" 
"What  guaranteed  prices  for 
wheat  have  been  set  by  the 
Mexican  government?"  "What  is 
the  correct  spelling  of  'heinie'  (in 
the  anatomical  sense)?"  These 
are  some  of  the  thousands  of 
questions  that  Reference 
librarians  were  asked  this  year.  In 
addition  to  the  traditional  printed 
reference  books  to  which  they 
may  refer  for  assistance  in 
finding  answers,  a  growing 
number  of  electronic  reference 
sources  are  available  to  them.  For 
a  number  of  years  now,  reference 
librarians  have  had  access  to 
online  bibliographic  and  data  files 
through  phone  lines.  They  search 
these  files  for  patrons,  charging 
them  for  the  cost  of  the  phone 
call  and  the  fees  assessed  by  the 
vendor.  In  the  Perkins  Library  the 
number  of  these  searches 
increased  193%  this  year.  In  the 
Chemistry  Library,  the  Librarian 
has  trained  many  of  the 
Chemistry  students  and  faculty  to 
search  the  several  online 
scientific  databases  available 
there,  including  Chemical 
Abstracts  online,  which  was  used 
by  six  research  groups  this  year 
in  contrast  to  the  two  groups 
using  it  last  year. 

The  newest  format  for 
reference  works  is  the  optical 
disk.  This  format,  which  may  be 
either  a  compact  disk  (CD-ROM) 
or  a  videodisk,  is  easily  used 
directly  by  patrons.  In  addition, 
once  the  library  subscribes, 


additional  cost.  Because  optical 
disk  files  are  updated  several 
times  a  year  and  because 
multiple  points  of  access  to  the 
data  are  provided,  information  on 
optical  disks  is  both  more  current 
and  more  easily  found  than  that 
in  printed  indexes  and  abstracts. 
InfoTrac,  a  videodisk  index  of  900 
periodicals  and  recent  issues  of 
the  New  York  Times  and  the  Wall 
Street  Journal,  was  introduced 
into  the  Library  in  1985/86. 
SocioFile  and  PsycLIT  were  added 
this  year.  Through  a  cooperative 
arrangement  with  the  Psychology 
Department,  the  Library  has 
obtained  the  PsycLIT  database 
produced  by  the  American 
Psychological  Association.  This 
CD-ROM  includes  indexing  and 
abstracts  of  the  international 
literature  in  psychology  and 
related  behavioral  sciences  from 
1974.  The  Library  also  is  using 
Sociofile,  on  a  trial  basis.  A 
subset  of  Sociological  Abstracts, 
Sociofile  indexes  and  abstracts 
over  1,200  international 
periodicals  in  sociology  and 
related  disciplines.  Students  have 
used  these  new  tools  extensively 


and  have  been  delighted  with  the 
savings  of  time  in  library  re- 
search that  they  provide.  Activity 
at  the  reference  desks  in  all 
locations  mushroomed, 
particularly  during  the  fall  semes- 
ter. Table  1  is  illustrative  of  the 
overall  briskness  of  business. 

The  number  of  students  taking 
a  library  instruction  class 
increased  by  17%  over  the 
previous  year.  Library  staff  gave 
classes  to  1,165  university  writing 
course  students.  In  addition, 
instruction  was  provided  for  Tal- 
ent Identification  Program  (TIP) 
students;  participants  in  the  Duke 
Young  Writers  Camp;  Duke 
Chronicle  reporters;  two  visiting 
journalists  from  the  Washington 
Post;  and  students  in  English, 
history,  economics,  geology, 
French  and  psychology. 

In  several  locations  the  in- 
house  use  of  materials  increased 
correspondingly,  particularly  use 
by  undergraduates.  The  number 
of  researchers  consulting  papers 
in  the  Manuscript  Department 
increased  14%  over  1985/86,  yet 
daily  visits  by  undergraduates 
rose  by  33%.  Of  the  students 


TABLE  1 

INCREASE  IN  THE  NUMBER 
OF  PATRONS'  QUESTIONS 
OVER  1985/86  FOR 
SELECTED  LOCATIONS 


Public  Documents  & 

Maps  Dept. 

44.4% 

East  Campus  Library 

14.0% 

Math-Physics  Library 

73.0% 

Music  Library 

21.0% 

Newspapers-Microforms 

Dept. 

12.0% 

Perkins  Reference  Dept. 

14.0% 

attending  presentations  about  that 
Department's  holdings  and  the 
use  of  manuscript  materials,  two- 
thirds  were  undergraduates.  Total 
use  of  the  Math-Physics  Library 
collection  grew  by  33%.  Use  by 
undergraduates  and  graduate 
students  from  outside  the 
Mathematics  or  Physics 
departments  rose  sharply  as  well. 
Undergraduates 
made  an  even 
greater  impact  on 
circulation  at  the 
Biology-Forestry  Library.  Whereas 
overall  outside  circulation  there 
rose  5.2%  over  the  previous  year, 
circulation  to  undergraduates 
increased  35.5%. 

The  Library's  policy  on 
interlibrary  loans  was  rewritten 
during  the  fall  of  1986  to  allow 
undergraduates  to  utilize  this 
service.  While  the  number  of 
items  that  Duke  borrowed  from 
other  libraries  for  the  use  of 
students  and  faculty  increased  by 
47%,  only  a  small  percentage  of 


this  growth  resulted  from 
borrowing  for  undergraduates. 
Even  with  this  large  increase  in 
items  borrowed.  Duke  is  still  a 
net  lender,  by  far,  having 
borrowed  3,116  items  and  loaned 
10,111.  Over  one-quarter  of  the 
loans  were  to  libraries  in  the 
Southeast. 

To  accommodate  increased 
demand  for  use  of  then- 
collections,  both  the  Rare  Book 
Room  and  East  Campus  Library 
extended  their  hours.  The  Rare 
Book  Room  resumed  opening  on 
Mondays.  The  East  Campus  Li- 
brary increased  its  evening  hours 
in  the  summer  to  meet  the  needs 
of  those  enrolled  in  TIP  and  in 
the  Drama  Program. 

And,  yes  —  those  questions 
about  Caesar's  salad  and  barefoot 
doctors  were  all  answered 
successfully,  as  was  the  request 
for  the  name  of  a  Fort  Worth  or- 
thopedic surgeon  whose  first 
name  is  John  and  whose  last 
name  is  "weird." 


TABLE  2 

GROWTH  AND  HOLDINGS;  DISTRIBUTION  BY  LIBRARY  OF  OFFICIALLY 
CATALOGED  MATERIALS 


TOTAL  IN  LIB 

ADDED 

NET 

TOTAL  IN  LIB. 

JUNE  30,  1986 

1986/87 

ADDITIONS 

JUNE  30.  1987 

Biology/Forestry 

1 52,554 

3,683 

3,512 

156,066 

Chemistry 

44,918 

1,531 

1,102 

46,020 

Divinity  School 

243,075 

6,136 

5,870 

248,945 

East  Campus 

219,676 

5,408 

3,779 

223,455 

Engineering 

80.219 

3,327 

2.602 

82,821 

Mathematics/Physics 

77,029 

2,812 

2,679 

79,708 

Music 

63,062 

2,631 

2,741 

65,803 

Pearse  Memorial 

17,410 

557 

538 

17,948 

Perkins 

2,093,420 

47,653 

46,703 

2,140,123 

Undergraduate 

24,033 

781 

1.672 

22,361 

SUB  TOTAL 

3,015,396 

74,519 

67,854 

3,083,250 

Law  Library 

298,175 

6,792 

6,063 

304,238 

Med.  Center  Library 

221.410 

7,945 

5,719 

227,129 

Fuqua  Bus.  Library 

11,036 

1,162 

1,162 

12,198 

TOTAL 

3,546,017 

90,418 

80,798 

3,626,815 

OBTAINING  AND 
PREPARING  LIBRARY 
RESOURCES  FOR  USE 

The  fiscal  year  1986/87  was  a 
year  of  achievement  in  the 
technical  areas  of  Acquisitions, 
Serials,  and  Monographic 
Cataloging.  As  the  number  of 
patrons'  questions  increased  in 
the  public  service  areas,  so  did 
the  number  of  items  added  to  the 
collection  by  these  three 
departments. 

Can  you  imagine  writing  and 
mailing  121  checks  a  week? 
That's  the  average  number  that 
the  Acquisitions  Department  sent 
each  week  for  buying  books, 
periodical  subscriptions,  and  oth- 
er publications  for  the  library.  As 
a  result  of  these  payments,  over 
23,000  books  were  received. 
Additionally,  16.969  gifts  were 
donated  to  the  Library  this  year. 

The  productivity  of  the 
Acquisitions  Department 
exceeded  that  of  any  of  the  last 
five  years.  Despite  the  increased 
number  of  order  requests  and 
gifts  received  in  the  Department, 
staff  eliminated  backlogs  of  work. 
They  also  reduced  the  turnaround 
time  (the  interval  between  receipt 
of  a  request  to  order  an  item  and 
the  mailing  of  the  order)  from 
several  months  to  a  maximum  of 
six  weeks.  This  improvement  in 
performance  was  a  result  of 
increased  use  of  student 
assistants  for  routine  duties,  the 
streamlining  of  procedures,  and 
the  extraordinary  efforts  of  the 
staff. 

After  their  receipt  in  the 
Acquisitions  Department,  46,826 
books  (36  shelves  of  books  a 
week)  moved  on  to  the 


The  former  entrance  to 
Perkins  Library 

Monographic  Cataloging 
Department.  Productivity  was 
high  in  that  Department  as  well. 
The  catalogers  exceeded  their 
self-imposed  goal  by  5%, 
cataloging  9%  more  titles  than  in 
1985/86.  The  total  number  of 
titles  cataloged  was  58,315,  and 
the  number  of  cataloged  volumes 
added  in  the  Perkins  system  was 
67,854  (see  table  2).  To  facilitate 
their  cataloging,  staff  of  the 
department  created  or  revised 
several  instruction  manuals,  in- 
corporating changes  resulting 
from  implementation  of  the 
online  catalog  and  documenting 
streamlined  procedures. 

Decisions  following  the 
adoption  of  the  online  catalog 


affected  several  areas  of 
responsibility  in  the  Monographic 
Cataloging  Department.  Because 
of  the  successful  operation  of  the 
online  catalog,  the  University 
Librarian  accepted  a  recommen- 
dation from  the  Librarian's  Staff 
Committee  to  stop  filing  catalog 
cards  into  the  author-title  catalog 
in  October  1986  and  into  the  sub- 
ject catalog  in  June  1987.  The 
author-title  catalog  was  disman- 
tled, with  the  cross  references 
and  cards  for  non-Roman  titles, 
neither  of  which  are  represented 
in  the  online  catalog,  removed  to 
separate  files.  These  decisions 
reduced  the  amount  of  card  filing 
in  the  public  catalogs  by  45%. 

To  further  reduce  the  number 
of  cards  filed,  all  materials  in 


non-Roman  languages  except  for 
Chinese,  Japanese,  and  Korean 
are  being  cataloged  in  translitera- 
tion. In  an  expansion  of  Duke- 
UNC  cooperation,  a  cataloger 
began  using  the  Chinese- 
Japanese-Korean  (CJK)  terminal 
at  UNC  on  a  temporary  basis  to 
enter  cataloging  for  serials 
published  in  these  languages  into 
OCLC,  and  thereby  into  the 
online  catalog.  By  using  the  CJK 
terminal,  cataloging  can  be 
created  in  machine-readable  form 
in  the  vernacular.  It  is  hoped  that 
a  permanent  solution  for  the 
cataloging  of  these  Oriental 
materials  may  be  found  soon. 

The  Library,  together  with  the 
libraries  of  UNC-Chapel  Hill  and 
NCSU,  received  a  joint  one-year 
Department  of 
Education  Title  ll-C 
grant  in  the  amount 
of  $170,242  for 
converting  the 
cataloging  for  their 
received-currently 
serials  to  machine- 
readable  form.  Pro- 
ject staff  converted 
the  first  Duke 
records  in 
December.  By  the 
end  of  the  fiscal 
year,  2,554  Duke 
serials  had  been  converted  to  the 
online  catalog. 

Records  for  several  types  of 
uncataloged  serials  were  added  to 
the  serials  microfiche.  United 
Nations  documents  have  been 
cataloged  for  the  first  time.  As  a 
result,  patrons  now  have  access  to 
these  valuable  resources  through 
the  online  catalog  and  the  serials 
microfiche.  Staff  are  adding  brief 
records  to  the  serials  microfiche 


for  selected  uncataloged  federal 
documents  and  for  4,200 
Confederate  newspapers  housed 
in  the  Rare  Book  Room. 

Recently  Stanford  University 
Library  sent  the  gratifying  news 
that  the  Duke  serials  cataloging 
team  ranked  fourth  in  productivity 
in  its  1985  survey  of  twenty-five 
major  academic  libraries.  Though 
the  size  of  the  cataloging  team 
was  reduced  by  33%  this  year, 
productivity  per  person  actually 
increased,  since  the  total 
production  decreased,  not  by 
33%,  but  by  18%. 

DEVELOPMENT  AND 
MANAGEMENT  OF  THE 
COLLECTION 

In  a  time  of  hefty  price  increases 
for  serials  the  Collection 

TABLE  3 

CHANGE  IN  PRICES  OF  U.S.  PUBLICATIONS 
1984-1986 

PERCENT  CHANGE 


U.S.  MATERIALS 

1984 

1985 

1986 

Consumer  Price  Index* 

3.2 

3.6 

1.9 

Periodicals 

9.4 

8.6 

8.9 

Hardcover  books 

-4.4 

4.8 

-.76 

Academic  books 

2.2 

4.7 

5.9 

College  books 

3.3 

1  1 

7.1 

Mass  market  paperbacks 

8.0 

5.3 

6.9 

(Higher  priced)  paperbacks 

18.4 

-3.1 

4.8 

Adjusted  to  base  year  19/ 


FIGURE  1 

CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  VS. 
1975-1986 


U.S.  PERIODICALS 


Management  staff  faced  the  chal- 
lenge of  maintaining  the 
excellence  of  the  collection.  Price 
increases  for  U.S.  periodicals  fat- 
outstripped  the  consumer  price 
index,  as  shown  in  table  3  and 
figure  1.  The  continued  falling 
rate  of  the  dollar  overseas  (see  fig- 
ure 2)  combined  with  inflation  to 
yield  a  double-digit  increase  in 
the  cost  of  the  Library's  serial 
subscriptions  (see  table  4).  Since 
over  one-half  of  Duke's  serials 
collection  is  foreign,  the  effect 
was  substantial.  Over  the  past  five 
years  the  proportion  of  total  li- 
brary funds  spent  on  serials  has 
increased  2.6%  (see  figure  3). 
This  year  the  Library  spent 


FIGURE  2 

FOREIGN  CURRENCY  PRICE 
OF  U.S.  DOLLAR 


RATIO  SCALE,  MARCH  1973  =  100 


$1,489,000  for  serials,  19.7% 
more  than  during  1985/86. 

The  staff  devised  three 
strategies  to  meet  this  challenge. 
First,  anticipating  the  potential 
for  unintentionally  overexpending 
the  serials  budget,  they  placed  no 
new  subscriptions  after  December. 
Secondly,  fewer  monographs  were 
ordered  using  University-allocated 
funds,  in  order  to  retain  these 
monies  to  pay  for  ongoing  serials 
commitments  if  necessary.  And 
finally,  since  similar  price 
increases  are  expected  for 
1987/88,  the  staff,  in  consultation 
with  faculty  members,  began 
preparing  a  list  of  serial  titles  that 
will  not  be  renewed  in  1988. 

These  challenges  notwithstand- 
ing, the  number  of  publications 
received  in  the  Library  this  year 
far  exceeded  that  of  last  year.  The 
16%  increase  in  items  purchased 
was  largely  a  result  of  grant  funds 
and  endowment  income.  The 
spendable  income  from  the 
Library's  endowments  ($295,929 
in  1986/87)  has  become  a 
necessity,  rather  than  a  luxury,  for 
providing  publications  needed  by 
faculty  and  students  (see  figure  4). 
Gifts  to  the  Library  were  again  an 


important  source  of  publications. 
Donors  gave  41  %  more  books  to 
the  Library  this  year  -  a  total  of 
23,818  items.  The  Manuscript 
Collection  has  grown  as  well.  The 
number  of  manuscript  items 
accessioned  this  year  was  up 
390%  over  last  year  and  146% 
over  the  average  of  the  last  five 
years.  These  61,165  items  stretch 
126  linear  feet.  Though  the  year's 
economics  have  required  creative 
solutions  in  collection 
management,  both  the  printed 
and  the  manuscript  collections 
have  continued  to  flourish. 

Throughout  its  history  the 
Library  has  had  an  active 
exchange  program  with  other 
libraries  worldwide.  The  Library 
sends  issues  of  Duke  Press  and 
other  Duke  journals  to  them  in 
exchange  for  scholarly  publica- 
tions, some  of  which  could  not 
be  obtained  otherwise.  Staff 
regularly  monitor  exchange 


arrangements  to  insure  that 
exchange  is  the  most  economical 
method  of  acquiring  a  title.  The 
Library  presently  exchanges 
publications  with  805  partners  in 
66  countries.  The  countries  with 
the  largest  number  of  exchange 
partners  are  Canada  and  Japan. 

An  ad  hoc  committee  also 
reviewed  the  foreign  newspaper 
collection.  As  a  result  of  this 


evaluation  twenty  titles  were 
canceled  and  other,  more  relevant 
titles  will  be  added.  An  inventory 
of  the  American  newspapers, 
ongoing  for  some  time,  was 
completed.  As  they  conducted  the 
inventory,  staff  placed  the 
newspapers  in  protective  boxes 
and  compiled  a  listing  of  the 
titles. 

As  another,  and  more 
systematic,  means  of  evaluating 
the  collection,  the  Library  began 
formal  participation  in  the  North 
American  Collections  Inventory 
Project  (NCIP).  Originally 
designed  as  a  tool  for  collection 
assessment  and  policy  writing  by 
members  of  the  Research 
Libraries  Group,  NCIP  has  been 
adopted  by  the  Association  of  Re- 
search Libraries  for  application 
throughout  North  America.  Parti- 
cipation in  NCIP  will  guide  the 
Library  in  measuring  the 
strengths  of  its  collection  in  all 


3 


subject  areas  and  in  codifying  its 
collection  policies. 

In  light  of  the  budgetary 
circumstances  already  described, 
cooperation  in  collection  building 
among  Duke,  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill, 
and  North  Carolina  State  Univer- 
sity assumes  even  greater 
importance.  Though  it  is  no 
longer  possible,  financially,  for 
any  one  of  these  three  libraries  to 
be  a  grand  research  library,  it  is 
possible  for  the  combined  collec- 


tions of  the  three  to  be  a  great  re- 
source through  shared  collection 
building.  The  formal  cooperative 
collection  development  initiatives, 
some  of  which  have  been  in 
effect  for  over  fifty  years,  will  be 
studied  and  strengthened  in  the 
coming  year. 

PRESERVING  THE 
COLLECTION  FOR  FUTURE 
GENERATIONS 

A  major  responsibility  of  the  Li- 
brary, in  addition  to  selecting  and 
obtaining  materials  for  the 
collection,  is 
preserving  them  for 
future  generations  of 
students  and  faculty. 
The  Library's  efforts 
to  do  so  have  been 
centered  on  guarding 
the  book  itself  by 
ensuring  that  it  is  protected  in  a 
stiff  binding.  Commercial 
binderies  bound  22,769 


FOREIGN  TITLES  1  YR.  RATE 
1985  1986  1987 

14,202  14,446  14,598 
81.77         99.76        1  16.69 


paperbound  books  and  journals 
for  the  Library.  An  additional 
18,519  items  were  placed  in 
bindings  by  the  Library's  Marking 
and  Repair  Unit. 

The  Marking  and  Repair  Unit 
preserves  library  materials  also 
by  repairing  bindings  and  pages. 
The  Unit  completed  17%  more 
such  restoration  than  in  1985/86. 
Rare  Book  Room  staff  also  engage 
in  preservation.  For  a  number  of 


TABLE  4 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  DOMESTIC  AND  FOREIGN 
PERIODICAL  AND  SERIAL  SUBSCRIPTIONS 

DOMESTIC  TITLES  1  YR.  RATE 
 1985  1986  1987 

No.  of  Titles  in  Study  32,623        31,282  30.46 

Average  Price  $99.64         109.34  120.1 

*based  on  subscriptions  serviced  by  F.  W.  Faxon  Company 


years  they  have  encapsulated  frag- 
ile broadsides  and  rare  news- 
papers in  mylar.  They  also  make 
protective,  acid-free  boxes  for  rare 
books.  This  year  the  staff  created 
a  new  design  for  preservation 
portfolios  that  is  now  in  regular 
use. 

Despite  these  valiant  efforts  to 
preserve  the  Library's  collection, 

FIGURE  3 

PERKINS  LIBRARY  SYSTEM 

MATERIALS  EXPENDITURES  FROM  ALL  FUNDING  SOURCES 
1982-1987 


Monographs 
Serials 

■ 

Postage 
Binding 


they  pall  next  to  the  costly  chal- 
lenge so  evident  in  the  stacks. 
The  paper  produced  since  the 
late  1800s,  when  wood  pulp  rath- 
er than  rags  became  its  major 
ingredient,  has  a  very  high  acid 
content.  As  a  result  its  life  is 
limited.  The  brittleness  of  this 
paper  is  so  great  that  pages  often 
break  from  the  bindings,  and 
corners  and  edges  frequently 
crumble  in  the  reader's  hand, 
producing  what  has  been  called 
in  the  profession  yellow  snow 
Eighty  percent  of  the  Library's 
collection  is  estimated  to  be 
deteriorating.  Thousands  of  items 
cannot  be  used  without  damage 
to  them. 

The  challenge  is  to  determine 
which  of  these  publications  must 
be  preserved  for  future 
generations  at  Duke  and  then  to 
take  appropriate  steps  to  preserve 
their  content.  Several  options  are 
available.  To  prevent  further 
deterioration  of  books  which  are 
not  yet  brittle,  pages  can  be 
deacidified.  The  content  of  brittle 
materials  can  be  preserved 
through  transferring  it  to  another 
format  such  as  microform  or 


optical  disk.  Some  items  which 
need  to  be  saved  in  their  original 
state  can  be  preserved  through 
encapsulation. 


IMPROVED  SERVICES 
THROUGH  AUTOMATION 

The  online  catalog  made  its 
appearance  early  in  the  year.  It 
was  well-received  by  both  patrons 
and  staff.  The  branch  librarians 
found  it  especially  beneficial  to 
them  and  to  their  patrons  to  be 
able  to  determine  through  the 
online  catalog  the  holdings  of  the 
other  libraries  on  campus. 
Previously  they  had  only  had 
access  to  their  own  holdings, 
through  their  card  catalogs.  To 
introduce  the  online  catalog  to 
patrons,  staff  wrote  informational 
brochures  describing  its  use. 
They  also  gave  instruction  in  its 
use  to  students  taking  library 
tours  or  library  instruction 
classes. 

Following  its  introduction,  the 
online  catalog  was  enhanced  with 
four  new  features: 
•  Access  to  the  records  by 

subject  heading 


Aisle  space  is  kept  to  a 
minimum  in  this  storage 
room  for  the  Math- 
Physics  Library. 


I: 


•  Dial  access,  enabling  anyone 
with  a  terminal  and  a  modem 
to  consult  the  online  catalog 

•  Easy  access  to  the  records  of 
the  libraries  of  UNC-Chapel 
Hill  and  North  Carolina  State 
University,  through  a 
communication  link 

•  Weekly,  rather  than  monthly, 
loading  into  the  computer  of 
the  computer  tapes  of 
cataloged  records 

The  Technical  Services  Data 
Base  (TSDB)  continued  to  operate 
as  an  acquisitions,  accounting, 
collection  management,  and 
serials  tool.  Several  new  statistical 
reports  utilizing  data  in  the  TSDB 
were  designed.  The  Internal  Audit 
Department  of  the  University 
conducted  an  audit  of  the 
Acquisitions  Department,  the 
Serials  Department,  and  the  Li- 
brary Systems  Office.  During  their 
study,  members  of  the  audit  team 


made  several  helpful  suggestions 
regarding  the  security  and 
integrity  of  the  TSDB.  These 
suggestions  will  be  implemented. 
During  the  year  the  TRLN 
Acquisitions/Serials  Advisory 
Committee  hosted  demonstra- 
tions of  1NNOVACQ,  an  automated 
acquisitions/serials  system  that 
could  replace  the  TSDB,  providing 
more  sophisticated  features.  The 
decision  to  keep  or  replace  the 
TSDB,  now  thirteen  years  old, 
was  still  pending  at  the  end  of 
the  year. 

Though  few  in  number, 
microcomputers  have  found  a 
niche  in  the  Library,  where  they 
have  been  used  innovativeiy  to 
simplify  the  tasks  of  several 
members  of  the  staff.  During 
1986/87  the  Library's  Personnel 


Office  and  the  University's 
Employment  Office  were  linked 
through  microcomputers.  This 
link  provides  the  Library  with 
online  interactive  access  to 
selected  files  in  the  Employment 
Office.  Staff  in  the  Personnel  Of- 
fice can  electronically  transmit  to 
the  Employment  Office  postings 
for  vacant  Library 
positions.  They  can 
also  call  up  the 
application  forms  of 
those  applicants 
whose  skills  match 
the  Library's  needs, 
and  finally  they  can  transmit 
recommendations  for  hiring.  This 
use  of  automation  speeds  the 
hiring  process  considerably, 
freeing  it  from  the  vagaries  of  the 
campus  mail  system. 

During  the  year  the  Automation 
Committee  of  the  Library,  charged 
with  overseeing  automation 


Students  make  heavy  use 
of  the  Library's  resources 
and  its  study  areas. 


Perkins  Library 


FIGURE  4 

GROWTH  OF  ENDOWMENT 


activities  throughout  the  system, 
reassessed  the  various  features 
needed  in  a  word  processing 
package,  evaluated  several  word 
processing  products  in  terms  of 
those  needs,  and  chose  Microsoft 
Word  for  use  in  the  Library.  The 
Committee  made  a  similar  study 
of  printers.  Recognizing  the  need 
for  additional  microcomputers 
(there  are  15  for  the  250  staff 
members  in  the  Perkins  System), 
the  Library  administration  this 
year  established  a  line  item  in  the 
budget  for  microcomputers. 

INNOVATIVE  ACTIVITIES 

The  Staff  conceived  some 
fascinating  projects  and  studies  to 
simplify  work,  assist  with 
collection  management,  or  assist 
patrons. 


•  The  Math-Physics  Librarian 
held  an  orientation  tour 
specifically  for  Chinese  and 
Korean  graduate  students.  With 
the  assistance  of  a  Chinese- 
speaking  student,  she  wrote  an 
instructional  guide  to  the 
Library  in  Chinese. 

•  Using  a  microcomputer,  the 
Chemistry  librarian  conducted 
a  study  of  the  use  patterns  of 
new  books.  She  found  that  over 
40%  of  the  new  books  received 
in  the  Chemistry  Library 
circulated  in  the  first  year.  By 
the  end  of  the  second  year  over 
55%  had  circulated.  She  has 
also  written  computer 
programs  to  calculate  the  cost 
per  page  of  individual  journals 
and  to  make  cost  comparisons 
among  publishers,  vendors, 
and  countries  of  publication. 

•  To  publicize  its  map  collection 
and  the  1,973,523  valuable 
publications  of  the  federal  and 
state  governments  and  the 


United  Nations,  the  Public 
Documents  and  Maps 
Department  held  an  open 
house  attended  by  125  people. 

•  Minimal  level  cataloging 
procedures  were  developed  and 
implemented  to  reduce  the 
time  and  effort  required  for 
cataloging  dissertations,  art 
pamphlets,  and  materials  in 
foreign  languages  that  the  Li- 
brary does  not  aggressively 
collect. 

•  Using  a  microcomputer,  staff 
created  public  records  for  300 
previously  uncataloged  pamphlets 
in  the  Trent-Walt  Whitman 
collection. 

•  Staff  worked  during  the  spring 
to  plan  and  develop  procedures 
for  carrying  out  an  in-house 
project  for  converting  all  the 


Nearly  overshadowed  by 
the  bulging  collection,  a 
patron  reviews  his  notes 
in  the  Math-Physics 


Library. 


 :  i  


Principal  Market  Value  Income 


cataloging  completed  prior  to 
1979  to  machine-readable  form 
for  inclusion  in  the  online 
catalog. 

•  To  widen  their  understanding 
of  their  jobs  and  the  work  of 
the  Library,  a  few  staff 
participated  in  work  exchanges 
during  the  year.  Staff  from  the 
Serials  Department  exchanged 
duties  with  staff  in  the  Public 
Documents  and  Maps  Depart- 
ment and  with  staff  in  the 
Current  Periodicals  area. 
This  creativity  indicates  that  the 
staff  are  eagerly  following  the  Li- 
brary administration's  precept: 
thinking  on  the  job  is  not 
prohibited. 

HOUSING  THE 
RESOURCES 

Attempts  to  gain  more  space  for 
the  burgeoning  collection 
occupied  many  staff  members 
during  the  year.  In  1986/87 
alone,  67,854  volumes  went  to 
the  stacks,  filling  2,714  shelves 
(see  table  2).  It  became  clear  that 
the  Library  system  as  a  whole 
was  within  a  year  of  reaching 
capacity.  Several  locations,  in  fact, 
were  full  some  time  ago.  The 


Biology-Forestry  Library  has 
twice  the  number  of  volumes 
which  can  be  contained  within  its 
walls.  Many  of  these  are  shelved 
in  the  Perkins  building  or  are 
boxed.  The  Math-Physics  Library 
is  using  two  rooms  in  the  Physics 
building  for  storage  of  lesser-used 
volumes,  rooms  into  which  2,421 
volumes  were  moved  this  year. 
Other  locations,  such  as  the  Man- 
uscript Department  which  is  92% 
full,  are  close  to  reaching  their 
limits. 

To  ease  the  cramped  conditions 
of  several  of  the  branch  libraries, 
one  module  of  compact  shelving 
was  installed  in  the  lowest  floor 
of  Perkins  in  1985,  in  an  area  for- 
merly used  for  miscellaneous 
storage.  During  1986/87,  two 
more  modules  were  purchased, 
replacing  conventional  shelving 
and  more  than  doubling  the 
shelving  capacity.  These  newest 
modules  house  League  of 
Nations,  federal,  and  other 
documents;  volumes  awaiting 
cataloging  for  the  Rare  Book 
Room;  and  additional  uncataloged 
materials. 

The  Library  has  employed 
several  other  techniques  for 


maximizing  the  existing  space.  In 
the  Music  Library  a  seminar 
room  was  converted  to  stack 
space.  Books  from  one  area  of  the 
Perkins  stacks  were  moved  into 
an  area  that  had  previously  been 
closed  to  patrons.  Frequent  stack 
shifts  to  accommodate  growth  of 
the  collection  are  now  necessary 
in  nearly  all  locations.  During  the 
year  6,796  copies  or  out-of-date 
editions  of  books  were  withdrawn 
from  the  collection  to  make  room 
for  new  additions. 

During  the  year 
the  University 
retained  a  campus 
planning  consultant. 
Dober  and 
Associates,  Inc.,  to 
study  and  make 
recommendations 
about  use  of  space 
throughout  the  campuses.  The  Li- 
brary administration  informed  the 
consultant  about  the  urgent  need 
for  additional  space  in  the  Li- 
brary system,  particularly  in  the 
Biology-Forestry  and  Math- 
Physics  libraries.  The  Dober  re- 
port and  its  recommendations 
will  be  evaluated  in  the  coming 
months. 


STRUCTURE  FOR 
EFFECTIVENESS 

Many  organizational  changes  took 
place  this  year.  The  Serials 
Department  staff  was  reduced 
from  seven  professional  librarians 
to  lour  and  one-half.  Two  Library 
security  clerk  positions  were 
created  with  responsibility  for 
enforcing  the  Library's  policy 
prohibiting  food  and  drink.  The 
Undergraduate  Library  was 
renamed  the  Reserves  and  Media 
Department  to  reflect  more 
accurately  its  activities.  Much  of 
the  book  collection  in  that  area 
was  removed  to  Perkins  or  East 
Campus,  or  withdrawn 

completely.  The 
Photographic 
Services  Department 
became  part  of  the 
Newspapers- 
Microforms  Department,  as  did 
the  Current  Periodicals  area. 

FIGURE  5 

PERKINS  LIBRARY  SYSTEM 
MANAGEMENT  GROUPS 


l-'oin  groups  advisory  to  the  Li- 
brary administration  meet 
regularly.  These  are: 

1.  Professional  Librarians  Other 
Than  Supervisors  (PLOTS) 

2.  Supervisors'  Forum  (all  Li- 
brary supervisors) 

3.  Librarians'  Staff  Committee 
(all  department  heads  and 
branch  librarians) 

4.  Executive  Committee  (those 
staff  members  who  report 
directly  to  the  University 
Librarian). 

Figure  5  depicts  their  relationship 
to  each  other  and  to  the 
hierarchical  structure  of  the  Li- 
brary. During  the  year  these 
advisory  groups  evaluated  several 
proposals  from  the  Library 
administration  and  made 
recommendations.  Among  these 
matters  were  the  closing  of  the 
author-title  catalog,  the 
discontinuance  of  catalog  cards, 


and  the  retention  of  the  card  file 
of  cross  references. 

THE  SUPPORT  OF 
OUR  FRIENDS 

The  Library  Council  is  a  group  of 
faculty,  students,  and  library  staff 
that  provides  advice  to  the  Li- 
brary administration.  Under  the 
leadership  of  Dr.  Kenneth  Land, 
the  Council  took  a  more  active 
role,  meeting  six  times  during  the 
academic  year.  Members  of  the 
Library  Council  during  1986/87 
were: 

Kenneth  C.  Land,  Chairman 
Thomas  M.  Gallie 
William  W.  Stead 
Morris  Weisfeld 
Alison  Ash  ton 
Peter  Fish 
Aubrey  Naylor 
J.  Jeffrey  Patterson 
Til  man  Seebass 
Charles  R.  Young 


Support 

Staff 
Advisory 
Council 


Policy  and  Planning 
Operations 


Barbara  Branson 
Deborah  Jakubs 
Julie  Ellis 

The  Council  studied  various 
statistical  indicators  of  the  current 
status  of  the  Library  collection 
relative  to  that  of  other  major  re- 
search libraries.  In  the  spring  it 
forwarded  to  the  Provost  the 
following  recommendations  for 
action: 

•  the  percentage  of  the  total 
University  budget  allocated  to 
the  Library  should  increase 
over  the  coming  years  from  the 
present  1.9%  to  2-2.2%  (see 
figure  6). 

•  to  provide  more  budget 
flexibility  vis-a-vis  dollar 
fluctuations,  mechanisms  for 
budget  review  and  mid-year 
corrections  should  be 
established 

•  part  of  the  money  for  endowed 
faculty  positions  should  be  set 
aside  for  library  acquisitions 

•  a  review  of  the  level  of  funds 
necessary  to  establish  or 
expand  Library  collections  for 
new  programs  should  be  made 
part  of  the  standard  operating 
procedure  in  costing  out  the 
programs 

•  the  Library  should  be  at  the 
forefront  of  the  remaining 
phases  of  the  Capital 
Campaign 

•  the  Library  should  aggressively 
pursue  external  grants  and  gifts 
from  federal  and  private 
foundations  for  collection 


development,  preservation, 
computerization,  and  related 
specific  projects 

•  the  library  should  initiate  an 
alumni  library  fund— along  the 
lines  of  an  annual  "Adopt-a- 
Book"  appeal 

•  the  University  Librarian  should 
continue  to  monitor  the  per- 
centage of  the  budget  spent  on 
wages  and  salaries  as  opposed 
to  collections 

•  the  University  Librarian  should 
be  encouraged  to  work 
aggressively  on  building 
Friends'  membership  among 
the  University  faculty  and 
among  alumni  and  other  Li- 
brary supporters. 

•  the  University  administration 
should  begin  planning  for 
cooperation  with  the  Library  in 
the  acquisition  of  special  funds 
for  the  substantial 
technological  changes  that  all 
university  research  libraries 
will  face  during  the  next 
decade. 


The  Friends  of  the  Library  is 
an  indispensable  group  in 
assisting  the  Library  to  carry  out 
its  mission.  By  the  end  of 
1986/87  there  were  749 
members,  including  264  life 
members.  The  Friends  include 
faculty  and  staff  of  the  University, 
alumni,  parents  of  alumni,  and 
others  who  have  a  special  interest 
in  the  Library. 

FIGURE  6 

DUKE  UNIVERSITY 

CURRENT  FUND  EXPENDITURES 

1986/87 


The  Library  is  not  the 
only  pleasant  place  to 
study. 


A  student  hard  at  work  in 
the  Divinity  School 
Library 


Under  the  direction  of 
Professor  Craufurd  Goodwin,  who 
this  year  completed  his  second 
consecutive  term  as  Chair  of  the 
Friends,  three  social  events  were 
held.  The  Friends  attending  the 
annual  dinner  meeting  in  March 
enjoyed  the  reminiscences  of 
Duke  student  life 
shared  by  Reynolds 
Price,  the  speaker. 
Earlier  that  same 
day,  a  reception 
honoring  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  George  Kintz 
and  Mrs.  Lila 
Murphy  was  held  in  the  Rare 
Book  Room.  Those  attending  the 
reception  viewed  the  handsome 
facsimile  edition  of  the  Domesday 
Book,  whose  purchase  had  been 
made  possible  by  the  Kintzes  and 
Mrs.  Murphy,  and  enjoyed 
remarks  about  the  history  and 
significance  of  this  important 
work.  The  Friends  also  hosted  a 
small  reception  in  the  spring  for 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Steven  Korman, 
their  family,  and  friends.  The 
event  celebrated  the 
establishment  of  the  Korman 
American  Presidency  Collection. 


supported  by  a  generous 
endowment. 

This  year  the  Friends  approved 
and  adopted  revised  bylaws  that 
provide  for  an  annual  election  of 
officers  and  one-fifth  of  the 
Executive  Committee. 

LOOKING  AHEAD  WITH 
ENTHUSIASM 

These  are  exciting  times  for 
libraries  in  this  country,  including 
the  Duke  University  Library.  The 
advent  of  electronic  publishing 
promises  a  redefinition  of  the 
term  "library"  as  well  as  changes 
in  the  way  faculty  members  carry 
out  research  and  disseminate  its 
results.  While  the  Library 
continues  to  be  a  collector  of 
traditional  printed  sources  of 
information  —  books,  journals, 
newspapers,  documents,  and 
manuscripts  —  it  is  also 
assuming  the  role  of  gateway  to 
other  sources  of  information.  In 
this  time  of  transition  the  Library 
must  employ  the  most  effective 
means  to  provide  access  to 


needed  information  quickly  and 
efficiently. 

During  the  spring  the  Library 
administration  prepared  a  plan- 
ning document  describing  its 
objectives  and  goals  and  outlining 
the  strategies  for  accomplishing 
these  goals.  This  document  will 
be  combined  with  similar  plans 
from  the  University's  academic 
departments  and  presented  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  The  document 
includes  the  following  five 
objectives: 

•  to  meet  the  ongoing  needs  of 
today's  faculty  and  students  for 
library  materials  to  support 
their  teaching  and  research 

•  to  increase  the  effectiveness  of 
the  Library's  services  through 
automation 

•  to  preserve  the  intellectual 
content  of  the  Library's 
collection  for  future 
generations  of  scholars  and 
teachers 

•  to  meet  the  annual  space  needs 
for  the  Library's  collections 
and  to  coordinate  the 
University's  efforts  to  meet  this 
need 

•  to  support  a  highly  productive 
staff,  adequate  in  numbers  and 
diversity  of  skills  to  carry  out 
the  Library's  mission. 

Library  Materials 

The  Library  needs  increased 
funds  for  purchasing  monographs 
and  electronic  sources  necessary 
to  meet  the  demands  of  new  and 
continuing  academic  programs. 
To  accomplish  this  goal,  the  Li- 
brary will  seek  to  increase  the 
endowment  for  the  purchase  of 
materials  through  the  University's 
Capital  Campaign  and  will  seek 
outside  funding  when 
appropriate. 


The  entrance  to  Perkins 
Library 


Moreover,  the  Library  will 
strengthen  its  cooperative 
collection  building  arrangements 
with  the  other  two  Triangle 
university  libraries,  thereby 
providing  greater  resources  for 
faculty  and  students  than  Duke 
alone  can  supply.  The  major 
drawback  to  dependence  on  other 
libraries  for  materials  has  been 
the  time  required  for  the  delivery 
process.  The  state  telefacsimile 
network,  soon  to  be  introduced 
by  the  State  Library  in  test  sites 
across  North  Carolina,  may 
provide  the  long-awaited  solution 
to  the  delivery  problem  in 
cooperative  collection 
development  plans. 

Automation 

The  Library's  goal  in  the  area 
of  automation  is  to  complete  the 
TRLN  online  system  by  1991. 
Programming  for  the  automated 
circulation  system  should  be  fin- 


ished during  the  coming  year. 
Installation  of  this  system  in  the 
summer  will  greatly  simplify  the 
process  of  checking  out  books. 

Preservation 

As  mentioned  earlier  in  this  re- 
port, well  over  half  the  collection 
is  in  danger  of  loss  through 
deterioration.  A  comprehensive 
plan  for  conserving  the 
intellectual  content  of  these 
volumes  will  be  developed  and 
implemented. 

Space 

During  the  next  year  the 
University  will  provide  the  Li- 
brary with  10,000  square  feet  of 
space  within  a  new  off-campus 
building.  This  space  will  be  used 
as  a  remote  storage  facility,  for 
housing  lesser-used  materials.  In 
the  coming  year  the  first  modules 
of  compact  shelving  will  be 
installed  in  the  building.  Library 
materials  from  the  present  stacks 


will  be  chosen  for  the  storage 
building  and  procedures  for 
recalling  these  materials  will  be 
written.  Additional  modules  of 
compact  shelving  will  be  installed 
in  the  Perkins  Building  and  in 
East  Campus  Library  as  well. 
These  gains  in  space  will  ease 
the  existing  crowded  conditions. 

Staff 

None  of  the  Library's  plans  can 
be  brought  to  fruition  without 
people  and  their 
commitment  to 
these  goals.  The  Li- 
brary administration 
will  endeavor  to  maintain  a 
highly  productive  staff,  adequate 
in  number,  skilled,  and  keen  to 
carry  out  these  plans.  It  will  also 
need  the  encouragement,  support, 
and  advice  of  the  University 
administration,  the  Library 
Council,  and  the  Friends  of  the 
Library.  = 


Mrs  Creel,  Dana  S. 

Mr  Creswell,  Jay  S.,  Jr. 

Prof  Culberson,  William  L. 

Mr  Culbreth,  John  T. 

Dr  Cuninggim,  Merrimon 

Prof  Daland,  Robert  T. 

Mr  Dalton,  Harry  L. 

Mrs  Dalton,  Mary  K. 

Mr  Darling,  John  B. 

Rev  Darr,  Stephen  Emmett 

Prof  Davies,  William  D. 

Ms  Davis,  Barbara  K.  Fite 

Prof  Davis,  Calvin  D. 

Mrs  Davis,  Gifford 

Ms  Davis,  Julie  W. 

Dr  Davis,  W.  Curtis  Carroll 

Mrs  Daw,  May  B. 

Miss  Dawson,  Mary  Howland 

Ms  Day,  Marianna  Mitchell 

M/M  Dayhoff,  John  D. 

Mrs  Dees,  Leslie  M, 

Dr  Dees,  Susan  Coons 

Mr  Demik,  Harry  Edward 

Mrs  Devyver,  Marion  R. 

Ms  Diamonstein,  Barbaralee 

Dr  Dickson,  W.  Wayne 

Mrs  Douglas,  Deborah  S. 

Prof  Douglass,  Fenner 

M/M  Dowell,  David  R.  (Denise  J) 

Prof  Dowell,  Earl  H. 

Mrs  Drill,  Isobel  Craven 

Dr  Duffey,  Bernard  I. 

Hon  Duke,  Angier  B. 

Mr  Duke,  Anthony  Drexel 

Mr  Dukes,  Charles  A.,  Jr. 

Mrs  Dunlap,  Connie  R. 

Mrs  Durden,  Anne  0. 

Prof  Durden,  Robert  F. 

Mr  Eakin,  Leroy,  Jr. 

Mr  Eaton,  Dale  E. 

Ms  Eddy,  Ruth  B. 

Mr  Edwards,  James  H.,  Ill 

Mr  Edwards,  John  S. 

Mr  Eidenier,  Elon  G. 

Mrs  Eidson,  Perrin  C. 

Mr  Ellin,  Martin  Louis 

Mrs  Elliott,  John  T.,  Jr. 

Ms  Embry,  Paige  Ann 

Mrs  Emerson,  Everett  H.  ("Botts") 

Ms  Emmons,  Mildred  G. 

Dr  English,  Peter  C. 

Mr  Erwin,  William  Rector,  Jr. 

Mr.  Essig,  Philip  M.,  Ill 


Dr  Estes,  David  Charles 

M/M  Etheridge,  Donald  M.,  Jr. 

Mr  Evans,  E.  J. 

Mr  Evans,  Eli  N. 

Miss  Evans,  Esther  J. 

M/M  Evans,  George  E.,  Jr. 

Miss  Evans,  Helen  W. 

Mr  Eyberg,  Douglas  Keith 

Prof  Eyre,  J.  D. 

Mrs  Ezzell,  Joline  R. 

Mrs  Farrior,  Elizabeth  B. 

Mr  Faull,  Mark  Christopher 

Prof  Fein,  John  M. 

Mrs  Fenn,  Ann  H. 

Ms  Ferguson,  Marfe  Yvonne 

Prof  Ferguson,  Oliver  W. 

Mr  Ferrell,  Henry  C,  Jr. 

Mr  Few,  Kendrick  S. 

Ms  Fischer,  Susie 

Dr  Fisher,  Benjamin  Franklin 

Ms  Fletcher,  Leslie  B. 

Mrs  Flowers,  G.  Horace 

Mrs  Fonda,  Arline  T. 

Prof  Fortney,  Lloyd  R. 

Mr  Franklin,  John  Hope 

Dr  Frayser,  Katherine  Regina 

Mr  Freese,  S.  W. 

Mrs  French,  William  Baker  (Cavett) 

Dr  Frostick,  Frederick  C,  Jr. 

Mr  Fuller,  S.  Bacon 

Mr  Fuqua,  J.  B. 

Mrs  Gachet,  Avis  Oehlbeck 

Mrs  Gaddis,  Steven  E. 

Miss  Galli,  Claire  E. 

Ms  Garbelman,  Alicia  Diane 

Mr  Garrison,  Scott  L. 

Mr  Garvin,  Andrew  James 

Dr  Gates,  Warren  J. 

Mr  Gelbert,  Daniel  H. 

Prof  George,  Rhett  T. 

Mr  Getze,  Frederick  Bioren 

Mr  Gibbs,  George  E. 

Mr  Gibbs,  Robert  C. 

Mrs  Giduz.  Ellen  W 

Dr  Gilbert,  Allan  H. 

Mr  Gilbert,  Bennett 

Dr  Gilbert,  Beverly  Brian 

Dr  Gilbert,  Paula  E. 

Mrs  Gilbert,  Virginia  A. 

Dr  Gill,  Pamela  A. 

Dr  Gillespie,  Neal  Cephas 

Mrs  Gillespie,  Neal  Cephas 

Mrs  Gobbel,  Luther  L. 

Dr  Godbold,  E.  Stanly,  Jr. 

Miss  Goddard,  Frances  M 

Mrs  Goffman,  Judith  K. 


Dr  Gohdes,  Clarence 

Dr  Goldwater,  Leonard  .1 

Dr  Gonzales,  Serge  ("Pancho") 

Dr  Goodwin,  Craufurd  David  ccl 

Goody,  John  B. 

Mrs  Goody,  John  B. 

Mrs  Gordy,  Vida 

Mr  Gosling,  William  A. 

Dr  Gossett,  Louise  Y. 

Mrs  Graham,  Elizabeth  A. 

Dr  Graham,  Elizabeth  M. 

Ms  Grant,  Elizabeth  Wade 

Mrs  Grant,  Jane  M. 

Miss  Grassia,  Janet  L. 

Mr  Graves,  Thomas  W,  Jr. 

Mrs  Graves,  Thomas  W,  Jr. 

Dr  Greenfield,  Joseph  C,  Jr. 

Ms  Greenstein,  Yvette  Marie 

Mrs  Gregory,  Barbara  L. 

Mr  Gregory,  Douglas  A. 

Mr  Grossman,  Thomas  W,  Jr. 

Mrs  Grow,  Neville  L.  (Toni),  Jr. 

Mrs  Grzybowski,  Zofia 

Rev  Guice,  John  Asa 

Dr  Gutman,  Stanley  T. 

Prof  Hacker,  Herbert,  Jr. 

Mr  Hagood,  Louis  R.,  Ill 

Mrs  Hagood,  Patricia  Carr 

Mr  Hailey,  Christopher  T. 

Dr  Haim,  Liam 

Mrs  Haiman,  Royce  Greenlaw 

Miss  Haislip,  Anne  E. 

Mr  Halderman,  John  W. 

Dr  Hall,  Arthur  R. 

Prof  Hall,  Hugh 

Miss  Hall,  Louise 

Mr  Hall,  Robert  C. 

Dr  Hallowell,  John  H,  Sr. 

Mrs  Hamilton,  Alexander  R. 

Mr  Hamme,  Marc  Milton 

Ms  Hammett,  Karen  Marie 

Mr  Hammond,  J.  Samuel 

Ms  Hammond,  Marie  K. 

Mr  Hampshire,  Chris 

Mrs  Hampton,  Rosabelle  W. 

Mr  Hance,  Harry  T.  Jr. 

Mr  Hanck,  Kenneth 

Ms  Hardin,  Rowena  T. 

Mr  Harkins,  Harry  H..  Jr. 

Mr  Harman,  Thomas  S. 

Dr  Harmel,  Merel  H. 

Mrs  Harmel,  Merel  H.  (Armide) 

Mrs  Harris,  Clinton  R.  (Jeanette) 

Ms  Harris,  Isabella  D. 


Mrs  Harris,  Judith  W. 

Miss  Harrison,  Evelyn  J. 

Mr  Harrison,  Jon  Julian 

Mr  Hassold,  Paul  E. 

Mrs  Hatley,  Grace 

Dr  Hawks,  Byron  L. 

Mrs  Hayes,  Hubert  H. 

Dr  Hedlin.  Ethel  W. 

Dr  Hedlin,  Myron  W. 

Ms  Heine,  Martha 

Miss  Hemrick,  Robin  D. 

M/M  Heneson,  Howard  M. 

Prof  Heninger,  S.  K .  Jr. 

Mr  Hennessee,  M.  Nixon,  III 

Dr  Herron,  Ima  Honaker 

Mrs  Hewitt-Myring,  Philip 

Mrs  Higgins,  Robert  N. 

Dr  Hobbs,  Marcus  E. 

Mrs  Hobbs,  Marcus  E. 

Dr  Hodel,  Margaret  J. 

Dr  Hodel,  Richard  E. 

Mrs  Hodges,  Betty 

Mrs  Hoffer,  Donald 

Mr  Hoffius,  Stephen  Glenn 

Dr  Holley,  Irving  B.,  Jr. 

Ms  Holloway,  Bessie  C. 

Mrs  Hollowell,  J.  Clarence 

Dr  Holman,  Harriet  R. 

Prof  Holsti,  Ole  R. 

Mrs  Holsti,  Ole  R. 

Mrs  Holt,  C.  Jackson 

Miss  Hotchkiss,  Mary  Adams 

Ms  Howard,  Marion  Wiles 

Mr  Howe,  Robert  Hartley 

Ms  Hubbell,  Barbara 

Dr  Hubbell,  David  S. 

Ms  Hubbell,  Katherine 

Ms  Hubbell,  Ruth  A. 

M/M  Hubener,  Hal  H. 

Mrs  Hudson,  Fitzgerald  S. 

Mr  Hudson,  Fitzgerald  S. 

Ms  Hughes,  Ann  L. 

Mr  Hughes,  William  F. 

Mrs  Hughs,  Richard  E. 

Prof  Hunter,  Wanda  S. 

Mr  Hutchens,  Thomas  K. 

Dr  Hutson,  Peggy  B. 

Mr  Ingebresten,  Edward  Joseph,  SJ. 

Mr  Jackson,  David  K. 

Ms  Jackson,  Kathleen  S. 

Ms  Jakubs,  Deborah  L. 

Dr  Jann,  Rosemary 

Dr  Jarrell,  John  A.,  Jr. 

Prof  Jenkins,  Marianna 

Dr  Jennes,  Fred 


Prof  Johns,  Sheridan  W„  III 

Mrs  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Pryor 

Mr  Johnson.  Robert  B.,  II 

Mr  Johnston,  Jeffery  D. 

Prof  Joines,  William  T. 

Mrs  Jones,  Bertha  H. 

Mr  Jones,  Henry  W,  111 

Prof  Jones,  Phillip  L. 

Dr  Jordan,  Frank,  Jr. 

Mr  Kahr.  Toby  Y. 

Prof  Kale,  William  A. 

Mrs  Kale,  William  A. 

Dr  Kanof,  Abram 

Dr  Karis,  Johannes  H. 

Mr  Kasik,  Charles,  Jr. 

D/M  Katz,  David 

Mr  Kearney,  Mark 

Dr  Keeter,  Rosemary  Jann 

Prof  Kelley,  Allen  C. 

Mr  Kelly,  Francis  E.,  Jr. 

Ms  Kennedy,  Louise  Brown 

Miss  Kennedy,  Mary  Joe 

Prof  Kerr.  Robert  B. 

Dr  King,  Doris  Elizabeth 

Dr  King,  William  E. 

M/M  Kintz,  George  Jerome 

Mrs  Kirby,  Dorothy  F. 

Miss  Kirkland,  Dorothy  F. 

Dr  Kline,  Lawrence  Oliver 

Mr  Klock,  Douglas  M. 

Mrs  Knapp,  Richard  F. 

Mrs  Knoerr,  Margaret 

M/M  Korman,  Steven  Harris 

Prof  Kremen,  Irwin 

Dr  Kreps,  Juanita 

Mrs  Kuder,  G.  Frederic 

Prof  Kuder,  G.  Frederic 

Mrs  Kuh,  Katherine 

Miss  LaCoste,  Glenda 

Prof  Labarre,  Weston 

Dr  Lader,  James  Ira 

Prof  Lagerstedt,  Kenneth  R. 

Mr  Lamparter,  William  S. 

Ms  Lane,  Wendy  Elizabeth 

Mr  Lane,  William,  Jr. 

Dr  Langford,  Thomas  Anderson 

Mrs  Lannning,  John  Tate 

Dr  Latimer,  Berkley  W. 

Prof  Leach,  Richard  H. 

Mr  Leary,  Lewis  Gaston 

Mr  Leckonby,  Larry  William 

Hon  Lee,  Thomas  H. 

Mr  Leinbach,  Philip  Eaton 

Mr  Leonard,  David  Bright 

Mr  Lester,  R.  David 


Mr  Levandowsky,  Nicholas 
Danilovich 
Mr  Levien,  John  D. 
Dr  Levinson,  Sanford  V. 
Dr  Leyte-Vidal,  Jesus 
Dr  Lievsay,  John  L. 
Mrs  Limouze,  A.  Sanford 
Mr  Lister,  Thomas  S. 
Mr  Litaker,  Kenneth  W. 
Ms  Littlefield,  Karen  Lou 
M/M  Livingston,  Vance 
Mrs  Livingstone,  Bertha 
Dr  Ljungquist,  Kent 
Mr  Lloyd,  Dale  Scott 
Mrs  London,  Edith 
Miss  Long,  Marianna 
Mrs  Lowe,  Richard  B. 
Mr  Lowe,  Richard  B. 
Mr  Lubans,  John,  Jr. 
Miss  Lucas,  Mary  D. 
Ms  Mabbott,  Maureen  C. 

Mackimmie,  Dana  F. 
Prof  Mackinnon,  Douglas  A. 
Mr  Maheshwary,  Avinash  C. 
Prof  Mahoney,  Edward  P. 
Mrs  Malone,  Lois 
Mrs  Manchester,  Alan  K. 
\1i  M.ingcr  Jim  Jay 
Mr  Markham,  Allen  B„  Jr. 
Dr  Marovitz,  Sanford  E. 
Mr  Marshall,  Roger  L. 
Mrs  Martin,  George  R. 
Dr  Mason,  George  G. 
Mrs  Matthews,  Ruth  I. 
Mr  Matthias,  Dennis  H. 
Mr  Matthias,  Douglas  E. 
Ms  Maxwell,  Anne  S. 
Mr  Maxwell.  Robert  W,  II 
M/M  Mayer,  George 
Dr  McCain,  Paul  M. 
Prof  McCain,  W.  D. 
Dr  McCarrell,  Annie  Williford 
Dr  McClanahan,  Arthur  Lee 
Mrs  McCoy,  Martha  B. 
Mrs  McCutchen,  William  W,  Jr. 
Mrs  McDade,  Kathrine  Nicks 
Mr  McDonough,  Kevin  Michael 
Mrs  McEachren,  Carola 
Mr  McEachren,  John  W. 
Ms  McElroy,  Marjorie  B. 
Mrs  McFarland,  Oscar  D. 
Mrs  McGill,  Elizabeth  L. 
Mr  McGill,  William  L. 
Prof  McKinney,  John  C. 


Mrs  McLaughlin,  Randolph  W. 

Mrs  McShane,  Christine  Lintz 

Mr  Meadows,  Frank  Pleasants,  III 

Mr  Melton,  Robert  Woods 

Miss  Merritt,  Gertrude  E. 

Mrs  Mewhort,  Donald  M.,  Jr. 

Mr  Meyerhoff,  Harvey 

Mrs  Meyerhoff,  Harvey 

Mr  Middlesworth,  Chester  P. 

Dr  Middleton,  Charles  R. 

Prof  Miller,  Gus  H., 

Mrs  Miller,  Margaret  L. 

Mrs  Miller,  Marjorie  P. 

Mrs  Miller,  T.  Grier 

Mr  Mills,  James  Cobb,  Jr. 

Ms  Mills,  Sharon  W. 

Dr  Mitchell,  Norma  T. 

Dr  Moore,  Rayburn  Sabatzky 

Ms  Morley,  Jane 

Mrs  Morris,  I.  Wistar,  III 

Ms  Morris,  Janie  C. 

M/M  Morris,  Michael 

Ms  Morris,  Phyllis  S. 

Mrs  Morse,  Herbert  C,  II 

Mr  Morse,  Herbert  C,  II 

Mr  Moses,  Lawrence 

Dr  Moses,  Montrose  J.,  Jr. 

Mrs  Moses,  Montrose  J.,  Sr. 

Mr  Mosler,  Bruce  E. 

Mrs  Mosler,  Wendy  F. 

M/M  Motsinger,  M.  E.,  Jr. 

M/M  Mullikin,  Kent 

Miss  Mullins,  Marion  D. 

Mr  Mulvey,  Edward  T.,  Jr. 

Mr  Murphree,  David  H. 

Ms  Murphy,  Angela  R. 

Mrs  Murphy,  Lila  Taylor 

M/M  Murray,  John  G. 

Mrs  Murray,  Nancy  M. 

Mrs  Myerberg,  Ellen  P. 

Mr  Nathan,  Jess 

Mrs  Naylor,  Aubrey  W. 

Prof  Naylor,  Aubrey  W. 

Mrs  Neal.  Michelle  H. 

Mrs  Nease,  Felton  R.  (Pauline) 

Mr  Needham,  George  F.,  Ill 

Mrs  Negley,  Glenn 

Ms  Nelson,  B.  Ilene 

Mrs  Nelson,  Janet  C. 

Dr  Nelson,  Robert  S. 

Mr  New,  Robert  V. 

Dr  Newman,  Ruth  G. 

Mr  Newsom,  James  L. 

Prof  Newton,  Francis 

Mrs  Nicholas,  Peter  M. 

Prof  Nolte,  Loren  W. 

Mr  Norburn.  Russell  L..  Jr. 


Mrs  Nunn,  Dewitt  A.,  Jr. 

Dr  Nychka,  Douglas  William 

Mrs  O'Connor,  Marcella  M. 

Dr  O'Connor,  Patricia 

Mr  O'Dell,  Doug 

Mr  Olejar,  Peter  P.  I). 

Dr  Olsen,  Norman  L,  Jr. 

Dr  Olson,  William  C. 

Ms  Ornstein,  Beth  Brown 

Prof  Osuna,  Rafael 

Mr  Owens,  Clayton  S. 

Prof  Palmore,  E.  B. 

Dr  Parker,  Harold  T. 

Mrs  Parrish,  Doris  C. 

Mrs  Partridge,  Susan 

Prof  Pas,  Eric  I. 

Mr  Paschal,  Joel  F. 

Prof  Patterson,  Lee  W. 

M/M  Patton,  Lewis 

Mrs  Pearse,  Leslie  B. 

Mr  Peet,  Gary  R. 

Prof  Peterson,  David  W. 

Dr  Peterson,  Dewayne  A. 

Ms  Petrowski,  Mary  Jane 

Dr  Phelps,  Leland  R 

Mrs  Phelps,  Leland  R 

Mrs  Phillips,  John  M. 

Ms  Phipps,  Shelley  E. 

Prof  Pierce,  Ovid  W. 

Prof  Plonsey,  Robert 

Miss  Plowden,  Mary  E. 

Mr  Podgorski,  Gary  T. 

Mrs  Pollock,  Lillian  Stevenson 

Ms  Porter,  Katherine 

Mrs  Post,  Philip  N.  (Barbara  J.) 

Mrs  Potter,  William 

Mrs  Powell,  Elizabeth  G. 

Mrs  Powell,  R.  H..  Ill 

Ms  Power,  Sara  Glen 

Mrs  Powers,  William  F.,  Jr. 

Dr  Predmore,  Richard  L. 

Mrs  Premo,  Don  A. 

Prof  Preston,  Richard  A. 

Mrs  Preston,  Richard  A. 

Dr  Price,  Jarnes  L„  Jr. 

Prof  Price,  Reynolds 

Dr  Price,  William  Solomon,  Jr. 

M/M  Pruner,  J.  Bernard 

Mr  Pursley,  William  E.,  Jr. 

Dr  Pye,  A.  Kenneth 

Mrs  Quick,  E.  A. 

Mrs  Rader,  Elizabeth  H. 

Dr  Randall,  Dale  B..  Jr. 

Mrs  Ratchford,  Laura  D. 

Dr  Ratliff,  Charles  E..  Jr. 

Mr  Raynes,  Arthur  G. 

Ms  Reed,  Helen  I. 


Mr  Rees,  Joe  C. 

Mrs  Regen,  Jocelyn  W. 

Mrs  Reinhardt,  Susan  B. 

Mr  Reinhardt,  William  C. 

Mr  Reynolds,  Larry  John 

Prof  Richardson,  Lawrence 

Mrs  Rickard,  Harry  C. 

Dr  Riddick,  Floyd  M. 

Mr  Robbins,  Dale  C. 

Mrs  Roberts,  Jill  B. 

Prof  Robertson,  Horace  B.,  Jr. 

Dr  Robertson,  J.  D. 

Prof  Robinson,  Sandra  P. 

Dr  Rockwell,  Kenneth 

Mr  Roddis,  Louis  H.,  Jr. 

Ms  Rogers,  Julie  L. 

Mrs  Rogers,  Ralph  P.,  Jr.("Lib") 

Mr  Rogers,  Ralph  P.,  Jr. 

Mrs  Rollins,  E.  T.,  Jr. 

Mrs  Rollins,  Mozette 

Miss  Rose,  Honora  L. 

Prof  Rottenberg,  Simon 

Mr  Rowson,  John  Cummings 

Mrs  Rudisill,  Mabel  F. 

Mrs  Rush,  Patrick  A.  (Carole) 

Mrs  Rusk,  Clara 

Ms  Russell,  Bonnie  J. 

Dr  Russell,  Mattie  Underwood 

Mr  Rutherfurd,  Jay 

Prof  Ryals,  Clyde  De  L. 

Dr  Safrit,  Henry  F. 

Mrs  Salinger,  Herman  (Marion) 

M/M  Salvatore,  Anthony 

Miss  Sampedro,  Dolores  V. 

Mr  Sanders,  Ottys 

Mr  Sanderson,  Clifford  W. 

Mrs  Sanford,  Cecil  L. 

Mr  Sanford,  Cecil  L. 

Mrs  Sanford,  Terry 

Sen  Sanford,  Terry 

Mr  Savage,  Jesse 

Mr  Scheer,  George  F.  cdr  Schiele. 

Elaine  0. 

Prof  Schmidt-Nielsen,  Knut 
Prof  Seebass,  Tilman 
Prof  Seeyle,  John 
Dr  Sell,  Jesse  J. 
Mrs  Semans,  James  H.  (Mary) 
Mr  Sewell,  Allen  C. 
Dr  Sharpe,  John  L,  III 
Mr  Sherwin,  Leonard  .1. 
Mrs  Shockley,  Doris  T. 
Miss  Shuford,  Mary  0. 
Ms  Shults,  Lee  Ona  S. 
Ms  Shults,  Martha  H. 


Ms  Sides.  Helen  Field 

Mrs  Siegler,  Robert  J. 

Mr  Silver,  Adam 

Mr  Simmons,  David  M. 

M/M  Simons,  Leo  Martin 

Mrs  Simons,  Sara  Holden 

Dr  Sinnott,  Bethany  S. 

Dr  Skaggs,  Calvin  L. 

Dr  Slaughter,  Frank  G. 

Dr  Sloane,  David  E.  E. 

Mr  Small,  Gaston  Elvin 

Mr  Smith,  Chandler  C. 

Mrs  Smith,  Dorothy  Shepherd 

Mr  Smith.  Eric  Jensen 

Ms  Smith,  Martha  M. 

Mr  Smith,  Mowry,  III 

Mr  Smith,  Randall  T. 

Mrs  Smith,  Robert  S. 

Mrs  Snedeker,  Robert 

Ms  Snyder,  Jane 

Mr  Soileau,  John  L. 

Mr  Solie,  Guy  T. 

Mrs  Solie,  Mindy  Schwendt 

Mr  Southern,  Gilbert  E.,  Jr. 

Miss  Spangler,  Dorothy  A. 

Mr  Spanogle,  Howard  Earl 

Mrs  Sparks,  Beverly  B. 

Dr  Spaulding,  Asa  T. 

Mrs  Spears,  Estelle  Flowers 

Dr  Speer,  Mary  Blakely 

Mr  Speiden,  Joseph  H..  Jr. 

Mr  Spencer,  Luther  E.,  Jr. 

Prof  Spengler,  Joseph  J. 

Mrs  Spengler,  Joseph  J. 

Mr  Spielvogel,  Carl 

Ms  Springer,  Doris  C. 

Mrs  Sprinkle,  Henry  C,  Jr. 

Prof  Staddon.  John 

Mr  Stamatakos.  Michael  Deane 

Mr  Stauffer,  John  William 

Dr  Stayer,  Samuel  N. 

Dr  Stephenson,  Robert  L. 

Mr  Stern,  Eugene  B. 

Ms  Stewart,  Ellen  Clare 

Ms  Stewart,  Jennie  Staley 

Mr  Stichel,  H.  Mark 

Mrs  Stone,  Ann  F. 

Mr  Strader,  Russell 

Mr  Strowd,  Elvin  E. 

Mrs  Strowd,  Anne  W. 

Mr  Styron,  William 

Prof  Stumpf,  W.  A. 

Miss  Sturgeon.  Jane 

Mr  Sugg.  L.  C. 

Dr  Sullivan,  Margaret  S. 

Mrs  Sydnor,  Charles  S. 

Mr  Talmadge.  Jeffrey  D. 


Mr  Tarrant,  James  Richard 
Mr  Tavernise,  Pietro 
Mrs  Tavernise,  Pietro 
Mr  Taylor,  Robert  C. 
Mr  Teer,  Nello,  Jr. 
Mr  Teer,  R.  Dillard 
Ms  Templeton,  Mary  Ellen 
Ms  Terry,  Carol  Smolka 
Prof  Tetel,  Marcel 
Miss  Thackston,  Frances  V. 
Miss  Thomas,  Elizabeth 
Mr  Thomas,  James  A.,  Jr. 
Mr  Thomas,  Norwood  A.,  Jr. 
Mr  Thompson,  Eugene  H.,  Jr. 
Mr  Thompson,  James  L. 
Mrs  Thompson.  Karen  King 
Mrs  Thompson,  Katherine 
Mr  Timberlake,  Bob 
Dr  Tiryakian,  Edward  A. 
Prof  Todd,  R.  Larry 
Dr  Treml,  Vladimir  G. 
Mrs  Tuck,  Russell  R..  Jr. 
Mrs  Tucker,  Margaret  R. 
Dr  Turner,  Jack  S. 
Mr  Turner,  R.  A. 
Mrs  Turner,  Thelma  S. 
Dr  Tuthill,  Richard  L. 
Miss  Tuttle,  Marcia  L. 
Miss  Tyler,  Anne 

Mr  Upchurch,  Walter  McGowan,  Jr. 

Mrs  Vaughan,  Frances  Smith 

Mrs  Vaughan,  James  R„  Jr. 

Prof  Vesilind,  P.  Aarne 

Dr  Vogel,  F.  Stephen 

Mrs  Vogel,  Jane  G. 

Mrs  Voss,  Joseph  I. 

Mr  Waggoner,  John  P.,  Jr. 

Mrs  Waggoner,  John  P.,  Jr. 

Prof  Wainwright,  Stephen  A. 

Mrs  Wallace,  J.  Edward 

Mrs  Wallace,  J.  Mason,  Jr. 

Mrs  Wallace,  William  J..  IV 

Mr  Wallis,  Donald  W. 

Mrs  Wallis,  Kathryn  Waggoner 

Mrs  Walters,  Lester  K. 

Mrs  Walton,  L.  B.  (Susanne) 

Ms  Ward,  Susan  Page 

Dr  Wardropper,  Bruce  W. 

Mrs  Warner,  Frank 

Mr  Watson,  Richard  L,  III 

Mrs  Watson.  Richard  L,  Jr. 

Prof  Watson,  Richard  L,  Jr. 

Dr  Webb,  Bailey  Daniel 

Mrs  Weeks,  Karen  Hanke 

Mrs  Weintraub,  Sidney 

Ms  Weis,  Tracey  M. 


Dr  Wells,  Daniel  A. 
Mr  Wells,  Guy  E. 
Mrs  Wells,  Katherine  G. 
Prof  Werman,  David  S. 
Dr  Wesley,  James  Paul 
Dr  West,  Harry  C. 
Prof  West,  James  L.  W„  III 
Mrs  Wetherby,  Joseph  C. 
LCDR  Wetherill,  Glenda  R. 
Mr  White,  Andrew  S. 
Mr  White,  Peregrine 
Mrs  White,  Walter  T. 
Miss  Whitten,  Katherine 
Mrs  Whittington,  Tolbert  M., 

Jr.(Erma) 
Dr/M  Wilder.  Pelham,  Jr. 
Mrs  Wilkinson,  Lupton  A.,  Jr. 
Ms  Williams,  Alice  S. 
Dr  Williams,  George  W. 
Mr  Williams,  Wayne  C. 
M/M  Willingham,  Daniel  B. 
Prof  Willis,  William  H. 
Mrs  Willoughby,  Mary  Ann 
Mr  Wilmarth,  Robert  A. 
Mrs  Wilson,  Alice 
Dr  Wimsatt,  Mary-Anne  C. 
Mrs  Wingard,  Carolyn 
Mrs  Wood,  Susan  Walker 
Miss  Woodburn,  Judith  I. 
Dr  Woodress,  James  L.,  Jr. 
Prof  Woodyard,  A.  Lorraine 
Ms  Wooten,  Monica,  A. 
Mr  Wright,  Robert  Edward 
Ms  Yensen,  Kathryn  D. 
Mrs  Young,  Betty 
Dr  Young,  Charles  R. 
Mrs  Young,  Jeanne  M. 
Ms  Zambetti,  Audrey  Angela 
Mr  Zarookian,  Douglas  Edwin 
Miss  Zeigler,  Nancy  L. 
Mr  Zeller,  Robert  J. 

Please  bring  any  errors  or 
omissions  to  the  attention  of  the 
Secretary. 


KANOF  EXHIBIT  AND 
RECEPTION 

The  Library  mounted  a  striking 
exhibit  of  richly  illustrated  items 
from  the  Abram  and  Frances 
Pascher  Kanof  Collection  of 
Jewish  Art,  Archaeology  and 
Symbolism.  The  exhibit,  created 
by  a  committee  chaired  by  Ellen 
Gartrell  of  the  Manuscript 
Department,  ran  from  September 
28  through  October  23.  On 
October  5,  the  Friends  of  the  Li- 
brary hosted  a  reception  for  Dr. 
Kanof,  his  guests,  members  of  the 
local  Jewish  community,  and  life 
members  of  the  Friends. 

Dr.  Kanof,  Emeritus  Professor 
of  Pediatrics  at  the  State 
University  of  New  York,  pursued  a 
full  career  as  a  physician, 
including  Navy  service.  In 
addition  to  many  medical  re- 
search reports  and  educational 
texts,  he  has  written  several  art 
and  history  articles  for  the 
Encyclopedia  Judaica.  He  has 
served  as  President  of  the 
American  Jewish  Historical 
Society,  Chairman  of  the  Jewish 
Museum  in  New  York,  and 


President  of  the  B'nai  B'rith 
Museum  in  Washington. 
Currently  he  is  curator  and 
founder  of  the  collection  of  Juda- 
ic Art  at  the  North  Carolina 
Museum  of  Art  in  Raleigh.  Dr. 
Kanof  and  his  late  wife,  Dr. 
Frances  Pascher,  a  dermatologist 
founded  the  Tobe  Pascher 


Dr.  Abram  Kanof  (left) 
greets  friends  and 
colleagues  at  the 
reception  marking  the 
opening  of  the  exhibit  of 
selected  materials  from 
the  Kanof  Collection. 


workshop.  Here  modern  designers 
craft  Jewish  ceremonial  objects. 
During  their  lives  the  Kanofs  have 
accumulated  a  remarkable 
collection  of  art,  literature, 
reproductions,  and  scholarship. 

The  Kanofs  have  given  to  Duke 
numerous  books  and  slides  on 
Jewish  art,  archaeology,  and 
symbolism.  They  also  have 
established  an  endowment  to 
provide  income  for  future 
purchases  of  materials  in  these 
subjects.  Among  the  items  in  the 
collection  are  hundreds  of 
Haggadahs  (Haggadot).  These 
Passover  service  books  are 
heavily  and  beautifully  illustrated. 
Several  of  these  were  included  in 
the  exhibit,  together  with 
ceremonial  art  objects  from  local 
Jewish  families  and  books 
illustrated  by  Hermann  Struck, 
Jacob  Steinhardt,  Joseph  Budko, 
Ephraim  Moses  Lilien,  Max 
Liebermann,  and  Ben  Shahn. 


Dr.  Campbell  and  Ed 
Hodges  converse  in  the 
Teer  Building  lobby 
following  the  "To 
Engineer  is  Human" 
program. 


Dr.  Henry  Petroski,  author 
of  To  Engineer  is  Human, 
fields  questions  from  the 
audience  following  the 
showing  of  the  videotape 
based  on  his  book. 


"TO  ENGINEER  IS  HUMAN" 

Eighty-five  members  of  the 
Friends  gathered  on  the  evening 
of  November  4th  to  view  the 
videotape  "To  Engineer  is 
Human."  This  segment  of  the 
British  Broadcasting  Corporation 
series,  "Horizon,"  was  based  on 
the  book  To  Engineer  is  Human 
by  Dr.  Henry  Petroski,  Duke 
Professor  of  Civil  Engineering. 
The  film  vividly  describes  a 
number  of  engineering  principles, 
using  as  examples  successful  and 
unsuccessful  bridge  designs,  the 
building  of  the  pyramids,  and 
cracked  dinner  knives.  Following 
the  conclusion  of  the  film,  Dr. 
Petroski  answered  many 
questions  from  the  audience 
about  present  structures  and  their 
expected  life.  After  this  formal 
part  of  the  program,  Friends 
mingled  and  chatted  with  Dr. 
Petroski  while  enjoying 
refreshments. 

NEW  LIFE  MEMBERS 

The  following  individuals  have 
qualified  for  life  membership  in 
the  Friends  of  the  Library  since 
the  last  issue  of  Duke  University 
Libraries  went  to  press: 

Allan  H.  Bone 
Karen  M.  Hammett 
Ruth  A.  Hubbell 
Kenneth  Rockwell 
Chester  Middlesworth 

The  following  individuals 
regrettably  were  overlooked  when 
preparing  the  previous  list: 

Lehman  Brady 
Mrs.  John  M.  Beard 

These  new  life  members  will  be 
presented  at  the  1988  Annual 
Dinner  Meeting. 


CONDOLENCES 

Condolences  are  offered  to  the 
family  of  Morris  Speizman.  Mr. 
Speizman  was  a  life  member 
residing  in  Charlotte.  He  had 
been  chairman  of  the  board  of 
Speizman  Industries,  Inc.,  a 
Charlotte-based  textile  machinery 
company. 

Dorothy  Thomas  of  New  York 
City,  also  a  life  member,  died  in 
October.  Condolences  are  offered 
to  her  son  and  daughter,  James 
Thomas,  Jr.  and  Eleanor  Elliott, 
who  are  life  members  of  the 
Friends  themselves.  Over  the 
years,  Mrs.  Thomas  donated  an 
extensive  collection  of  Chinese 
art  to  the  East  Campus  Library  in 
memory  of  her  husband,  James, 
who  had  worked  in  China  for  the 
British  American  Tobacco 
Company. 

SELECTED  BOOKS 
PURCHASED  WITH 
FRIENDS'  FUNDS 

The  following  books  are  a  few  of 
those  purchased  during  this  last 
fiscal  year  with  money 
contributed  by  the  Friends  of  the 
Library. 

Acorn,  Milton.  Whiskey  Jack:  28 
Poems.  Toronto,  1986. 

Barre,  Louis.  Herculanum  et 
Pompei.  7  v..  Paris.  1870. 

Blake,  William.  Illustrations  of  the 
Book  of  Job:  In  Twenty-one 
Plates,  Invented  and  Engraved. 
Facsimile  of  the  1826  edition. 
Clairvaux,  1977. 

Boshyk,  Yury.  Political  Refugees 
and  "Displaced  Persons," 
1945-1954:  A  Selected 
Bibliography  and  Guide  to  Re- 
search with  Special  Reference 
to  Ukrainians.  Edmonton,  1982. 

Britten,  Benjamin.  Curlew  River: 
Op.  71.  London,  1983. 

Cather,  Willa.  Shadows  on  the 
Rock.  New  York.  1981. 


Cohen,  Matt.  Intimate  Strangers: 
New  Stories  from  Quebec. 
Markham,  1986. 

Cosin,  John.  A  Collection  of 
Private  Devotions:  In  the 
Practice  of  the  Ancient  Church, 
Called  the  Hours  of  Prayer. 
London,  1672. 

A  Dictionary  of  Architecture  and 
Building.  3  v.,  1902. 

Farganis,  Sondra.  Social 
Reconstruction  of  the  Feminine 
Character.  Totowa,  N.J.,  1986. 

Johnson,  Samuel.  A  Dictionary  of 
the  English  Language:  In 
Which  the  Words  are  Deduced 
from  Their  Originals,  and 
Illustrated  in  Their  Different 
Significations.  London,  1765. 

Lawrence,  D.  H.  Fantasia  of  the 
Unconscious.  London,  1923. 

Orwell,  George.  Nineteen  Eighty- 
Four:  The  Facsimile  of  the 
Extant  Manuscript.  London, 
1984. 

Perry,  Donald  R.  Life  Above  the 

Jungle  Floor.  New  York,  1986. 
Searle,  Ronald.  To  the  Kwai  - 

and  Back:  War  Drawings, 

1939-1945.  Boston,  1986. 
Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe.  Hellas:  A 

Lyrical  Dream.  2nd  edition. 

London,  1886. 
Sophie's  Choice.  Screenplay  for 

the  motion  picture.  Hollywood, 

1986. 

Wittrock,  Wolfgang.  Toulouse- 
Lautrec:  Catalogue  Complet  des 
Estampes.  Paris,  1985. 

ANNUAL  DINNER  SET  FOR 
MARCH  19 

The  annual  Friends'  Dinner 
Meeting  will  be  held  on  March  19 
in  the  Searle  Center.  Our  speaker 
will  be  Andrew  McNally,  IV,  the 
President  of  Rand  McNally.  Mark 
the  date  on  your  calendar  now.  It 
is  sure  to  be  an  enjoyable 
evening.  = 


PERIODICALS  ON 
THE  MOVE 

During  the  last  two  weeks  of 
August  library  staff  undertook  a 
major  rearrangement  of  the  main 
floor  of  Perkins  Library:  they 
relocated  the  entire  Reference 
collection  and  all  of  Perkins' 
current  periodicals.  Although  a 
commercial  firm  was  hired  to 
move  the  shelving  uprights,  li- 
brary staff  members  moved  over 
4,000  feet  of  shelving,  30,000 
book  volumes,  and  54,000  journal 
issues.  Volunteers  from  a  number 
of  library  departments  assisted 
Reference  and  Current  Periodicals 
Department  staff,  helping  them 
complete  the  move  during  the 
short  period  of  time  when  classes 
were  not  in  session.  Even  more 
amazingly,  both  Reference  and 
Current  Periodicals  personnel 
continued  to  provide  public 
service  throughout  this  disorder. 

The  move  was  first  proposed  as 
a  means  of  improving  the 
services  and  surroundings  of 
Current  Periodicals.  People 
walking  through  the  former 
periodicals  area  disrupted 
readers.  Moreover,  both  Duke 
students  and  faculty  and  Current 
Periodicals  staff  were  frustrated 
by  repeated  failures  to  locate 
magazines  which  had  been  taken 
from  the  area.  Circulation 
Department  staff  spent  hours 
returning  issues  from  all  areas  of 
the  Perkins  Library  building. 
Some,  however,  were  never  found. 
The  new  location  along  the  north 
wall  has  greatly  improved  the 
accessibility  of  current  journals, 
while  affording  a  quiet,  contained 
reading  area.  A  security  gate 
prompts  users  to  check  out 
journal  issues  both  for  building 


and  for  overnight  use,  reducing 
the  likelihood  that  desired  issues 
cannot  be  found.  The  Current 
Periodicals  Service  Desk  is  now 
staffed  during  all  hours  the 
Perkins  Library  building  is  open. 
The  monetary  savings  realized 
from  the  reduction  in  journal 
replacement  costs  will  more  than 
make  up  for  the  costs  of  the 
expanded  hours  of  public  service. 

Moving  the  current  periodicals 
necessitated  relocating  the 
Reference  collection.  The  staff  of 
the  Reference  Department  took 
advantage  of  the  opportunity  to 
redesign  the  shelving 
arrangement,  gaining  stack 
expansion,  additional  seating,  and 
a  more  spacious  index  area. 

These  changes,  which  give  an 
entirely  new  look  to  the  first  floor 
of  Perkins  Library,  are  an 
improvement  for  both  staff  and 
patrons. 

Reported  by  Carolyn  Myers  and 
Ashley  Jackson 

STATE  DEPOSITORY 
LIBRARY  SYSTEM 

What's  it  like  to  be  a  volunteer 
lobbyist?  Stuart  Basefsky  of  the 
Public  Documents  and  Maps 
Department  found  out  when  he 
lobbied  for  passage  of  the 
recently  enacted  bill  to  establish 
and  maintain  a  depository  library 
system  for  publications  of  North 
Carolina  state  government 
agencies  (Chapter  125,  Article  1A 
of  the  General  Statutes).  "I  would 
never  volunteer  to  do  it  again 
without  pay;  it  is  extremely  time- 
consuming,"  he  said.  "But,"  he 
added,  "if  it  works  it  is  extremely 
rewarding." 

Since  1983  the  Documents 
Section  of  the  North  Carolina  Li- 
brary Association  has  been  trying 
to  find  a  cost  effective  means  for 


collecting  and  disseminating 
important  state  government 
publications.  This  act  is  the 
culmination  of  its  work. 

In  1983/84,  three  out  of  every 
four  state  publications  were  never 
forwarded  to  the  State  Library. 
The  State  Library's  function  of 
providing  a  complete  record  of 
state  publications  and  of 
facilitating  access  to  them  was 
being  undermined  by  the  failure 
of  state  agencies  to  comply  with 
the  then-existing  provisions  for 
publication  distribution.  The 
public's  right  to  know  was 
thwarted. 

The  State  Documents 
Depository  System  Committee,  of 
which  Basefsky  was  an  active 
member,  initially  obtained  the 
assistance  of  Bill  Campbell  of 
UNC's  Institute  of  Government  to 
draft  the  bill.  From  the  N.C.  Cen- 
ter for  Public  Policy  Research,  the 
Committee  gained  valuable  advice 
on  the  strategy  for  shepherding 
the  bill  through  the 
legislature.  Following 
this  background 
work,  the  Committee 
convinced  Senator 
Kenneth  Royall  and 
Representative 
George  Miller  to 
sponsor  the  bill.  The 
Committee  prepared  and  sent  to 
each  legislator  an  informational 
packet  explaining  the  need  for  the 
bill.  The  Committee  asked 
librarians  throughout  the  state  to 
write  their  legislators  urging 
support  for  it.  They  used  the 
media  as  well  to  promote  the 
cause.  Basefsky  monitored  the 
progress  of  the  bill  by  phone  and 
testified  before  the  committee 
reviewing  it.  Luckily  the 


NEWS  NOTES 


Committee  also  had  a  personal 
contact  in  the  General  Research 
Division  of  the  Assembly  who 
kept  them  abreast  of  upcoming 
steps  toward  passage.  "There  is  a 
lot  of  unpredictability  in  the  proc- 
ess," Basefsky  said,  adding  "pres- 
ence is  very  important." 

The  state  legislators 
complimented  the  Committee  for 
having  done  its  homework  and 
for  having  drafted  the  bill.  "A 
legislator  does  not  have  time  to 
do  everything,"  Basefsky  learned. 

What  benefits  have  resulted 
from  Basefsky's  activity  and  the 
passage  of  the  bill?  Basefsky  said 
the  experience  gave  him  solid 
practical  experience  in  public 
policy,  experience  which  will  help 
him  in  responding  to  library 
patrons'  questions 
about  the  workings 
of  state  government. 
And  for  the  Duke  Li- 
brary7 "We  will  not 
have  to  write  sixty 
letters  each  year  to 
get  what  we  want," 
he  said.  The  act 
requires  state 
agencies  to  send 
copies  of  each  of  their 
publications  to  the  clearinghouse 
at  the  State  Library  within  ten 
days  of  issuance.  The 
clearinghouse  then  must 
distribute  these  copies  to 
designated  depository  libraries  (of 
which  Duke  is  one)  throughout 
the  state.  The  act  thus  obviates 
the  necessity  for  each  depository 
library  to  write  individually  to 
each  state  agency  for  the 
publications  it  wants. 

Furthermore,  said  Basefsky, 
"This  law  really  has  bite  in  it." 
The  act  requires  that  the 
Department  of  Cultural  Resources 
report  annually  "to  the  Joint 
Legislative  Commission  on  Gov- 


ernmental Operations  and  the 
Fiscal  Research  Division  of  the 
Legislative  Office  on  the 
operations  of  the  State  depository 
library  system." 

LIBRARY  COUNCIL 

Members  of  the  Library  Council 
for  1987/88  are: 

Dr.  Alison  Ash  ton 
Fuqua  School  of  Business 

Ms.  Barbara  Branson 
Monographic  Cataloging 
Department 

Dr.  Jerry  D.  Campbell 
University  Librarian 

Dr.  Peter  Fish 

Department  of  Political  Science 

Dr.  Thomas  M.  Gallie 
Department  of  Computer  Science 

Dr.  Phillip  A.Griffiths 
Provost 

Dr.  Kenneth  Land.  Chairman 
Department  of  Sociology 

Mr.  Michael  Loose 
Undergraduate  Student 

Mr.  John  Lubans 

Associate  University  Librarian 

Ms.  Connie  McCarthy 
Collection  Management 

Dr.  Carol  Meyers 
Department  of  Religion 

Dr.  David  Morrison 
Department  of  Mathematics 

Dr.  Aubrey  Nay  I  or 
Department  of  Botany 

Dr.  William  W.  Stead 
Department  of  Medicine 

Dr.  Charles  R.  Young 
Department  of  History 

Dr.  Ann  Wharton 
Department  of  Art 

Ms.  Jo  Whitney  Law 
Graduate  Student 


Connie  McCarthy 

NEW  HEAD  FOR 

COLLECTION 

MANAGEMENT 

Connie  Kearns  McCarthy  has 
been  appointed  Assistant 
University  Librarian  for 
Collection  Management  for  the 
Perkins  Library  System.  McCarthy 
comes  to  Duke  after  more  than 
sixteen  years  of  service  in  a  varie- 
ty of  positions  at  Gelman  Library 
at  George  Washington  University. 
During  her  tenure  at  Gelman  Li- 
brary, McCarthy  worked  as  a 
special  collections  cataloger,  as  a 
collection  management 
coordinator,  as  Head  of 
Acquisitions  and,  for  fourteen 
months,  as  acting  University 
Librarian  of  Gelman  Library.  Her 
most  recent  position  at  Gelman 
was  that  of  Assistant  University 
Librarian  for  Collections.  This 
position  included  management 
responsibilities  for  acquisitions, 
serials,  preservation,  binding  and 
special  collections.  McCarthy  has 
also  been  a  cataloger  of  rare  and 
modern  books  at  the  Folger 
Shakespeare  Library. 


McCarthy  is  active  at  the 
national  level  with  the  American 
Library  Association.  She  has 
served  as  chairperson  of  the 
Collection  Management  and 
Development  Committee  and  the 
Resources  Section  of  the 
Resources  and  Technical  Services 
Division.  Her  activities  at  the 
national  level  help  her  to  keep 
abreast  of  what  other  libraries  are 
doing,  to  identify  major  issues, 
and  to  work  on  common 
problems. 

McCarthy  holds  a  B.A.  (1968) 
from  Rosary  College  and  an 
M.S.L.S.  degree  (1973)  from  Cath- 
olic University  of  America. 

McCarthy  has  eagerly  accepted 
the  challenge  of  the  management 
of  Duke's  historically  rich  and 
outstanding  collections  during 
grave  economic  times.  It  will  be 
no  small  feat  to  keep  the 
collections  at  a  high  level  given 
three  major  concerns:  budget, 
space,  and  preservation.  She  is 
systematically  meeting  with 
subject  selectors  who  will  help 
her  ascertain  problems  and 
issues,  identify  the  richest 
collections,  improve  the  process 
of  making  materials  quickly 
accessible,  and  discover  and 
make  use  of  alternative  formats. 
McCarthy  feels  the  need  to  be 
cognizant  of  the  political 
environment  of  the  University. 
She  also  wants  to  learn  about 
new  programs;  to  learn  how 
researchers  are  using  the 
collections;  and  to  find  out  which 
materials  must  be  part  of  Duke's 
collection  and  which  must  be 
shared  with  other  Triangle  area 
libraries  through  genuine 
cooperation  that  insures 
continuity. 

Reported  by  Lauren  Williams 


BARCODING  AND  BOOKS 

Library  books,  laundry  detergent, 
and  cereal  will  soon  have 
something  in  common— barcodes. 
Like  barcodes  on  grocery  store 
items,  the  barcodes  on  the 
Library's  books  will  identify 
them.  But  they  will  not  contain  a 
code  for  the  price.  The  barcodes 
will  tie  the  book  to  its  machine- 
readable  record  in  the  online 
catalog.  When  the  book  is 
checked  out,  the  online  catalog 
record  will  show  the  due  date. 

A  pilot  barcoding  project, 
coordinated  by  LaVerriel  Parker  of 
the  Monographic  Cataloging 
Department,  began  in  January, 
1988.  Parker  will  spend  the  first 
few  weeks  working  alone  as  she 
tests  the  equipment  (barcode 
labels  and  a  barcode  scanner 
linked  to  an  online  catalog 
terminal)  and  the  procedures.  She 
will  collect  a  sample  of  books 
that  have  been  checked  out  at 
least  once,  find  the  bibliographic 
record  for  each  in  the  online 
catalog,  and  scan  the  number 
from  the  barcode  label  directly 
into  the  machine-readable  record 
as  she  places  the  barcode  label  in 
each  book.  Once  the  entire  online 
circulation  system  is  in  place, 
circulation  staff  will  use  a  similar 
scanner  to  check  barcoded  books. 

During  the  first  month  of  the 
project  Parker  will  determine  the 
best  method  of  quickly  and 
accurately  searching  the  catalog. 
She  expects  that  searching  by  call 
number  will  be  the  most  effective 
method  and  is  hopeful  that  call 
number  access  will  soon  be 
available.  Until  then  she  will 
experiment  with  other  types  of 
searches.  After  the  first  month, 
she  will  hire  and  train  project 
staff.  These  assistants  may  be 
permanent  staff,  student 
assistants,  or  a  combination  of 
the  two.  The  determination  of  the 


appropriate  staffing  level  will  be 
influenced  by  Parker's  first  month 
of  experience  and  her  evaluation 
of  the  difficulty  of  completing 
barcoding  accurately. 

Though  no 
termination  date  for 
the  pilot  project  has 
been  set,  Parker 
recommended  that  it 
last  four  to  six 
months.  A  pilot  pro- 
ject of  this  length 
should  be  sufficient 
for  discovering  how 
much  time  barcoding  takes  and 
which  departments  of  the  Library 
are  best  equipped  to  handle  it  on 
a  permanent  basis,  and  for 
encountering  a  representative 
sampling  of  problems  likely  to 
appear  in  the  future. 

Reported  by  Michael  Shumate 

ONLINE  CATALOG  SURVEY 

How  does  the  Duke  community 
learn  to  use  the  online  catalog? 
And  what  pieces  of  bibliographic 
information  do  they  use  most 
frequently?  These  are  some  of  the 
questions  that  three  members  of 
the  Monographic  Cataloging 
Department  —  Robbin  Ernest, 
Kathleen  Jackson,  and  Martin 
Warner  —  intended  to  learn 
when  they  conducted  a  survey  of 
the  use  of  the  online  catalog.  The 
specific  goals  of  the  survey,  taken 
November  2-10,  were  to 
determine: 

•  how  patrons  learned  to  use  the 
online  catalog 

•  which  information  provided  in 
the  online  catalog  is  used  by 
patrons 

•  whether  patrons  want  to  find 
several  works  by  one  author, 
and  if  so,  whether  they  want 
them  grouped  together 


•  whether  patrons  want  to  know 
the  variant  titles  for  a 
particular  work 

•  whether  patrons  are  aware  of 
the  option  of  searching  the 
index,  and  if  so,  whether  they 
use  it 

•  whether  patrons  are  aware  of 
the  existence  of  the  cross 
reference  card  file,  and  if  so. 
whether  they  use  it 

They  team  conducted  a  pretest 
at  the  end  of  September  in  which 
they  interviewed  twenty-five  users 
of  the  online  catalog,  selecting 
every  third  person  during  several 
different  time  spans  over  six  days. 
What  they  found  out  during  the 
pretest,  according  to  Robbin 
Ernest,  was  that  "people  don't 
know  books  have  anything  but 
one  name."  Variant  titles  were  "an 
alien  concept  except  to  two 
literature  graduate  students."  The 
team  also  found  that  Duke 
students  are  very  comfortable 
using  computers.  Ernest  noted 
that  it  may  have  been  good  that 
the  Duke  Library  was  not  one  of 
the  first  to  introduce  an  online 
catalog.  "Perhaps  it's  good  that 
we  waited.  Fewer  are  afraid  of 
computers." 


During  the  survey  itself,  the 
team,  with  other  volunteers, 
interviewed  100  users  of  the 
online  catalog,  employing  the 
methodology  developed  in  the 
pretest.  The  results,  to  be 
reported  in  an  upcoming  issue, 
will  be  useful  to  TRLN  in 
developing  enhancements  to  the 
online  catalog  and  to  the  Library 
in  determining  what  cataloging 
information  is  important  for 
patrons,  as  well  as  to  other 
libraries  designing  or  modifying 
online  catalogs.  An  additional 
benefit,  says  Ernest,  is  that  the 
survey  "has  done  a  wonderful  job 
of  bringing  us  closer  to  the  true 
feelings  of  Duke  patrons." 

GAZETTEER  FILE 
BORN  AT  DUKE 

Thanks  to  a  bright  idea  from 
Stuart  Basefsky,  Documents 
Reference  and  Maps  Librarian,  it's 
now  much  easier  to  find  the  exact 
location  of  towns  and  other 
places  in  foreign  countries. 
Basefsky  convinced  the 
Congressional  Information 
Service,  a  Maryland  publisher,  to 
issue  on  microfiche  the  complete 
file  of  foreign  gazetteers  produced 
by  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency. 

Although  the  1,400  depository 
libraries,  of  which  Duke  is  one, 


should  have  received  all  the 
printed  gazetteers  issued  by  the 
DMA,  gaps  did  exist  since  the 
distribution  system  was  not 
perfect.  Duke,  for  instance,  was 
missing  gazetteers  from  South 
Africa,  Canada,  and  the 
Philippines  —  countries  much  in 
the  news  of  late.  Even  with  its 
incompleteness.  Duke's  printed 
collection  took  up  twenty  linear 
feet  of  space. 

The  microfiche  collection,  by 
contrast,  requires  only  fifteen 
inches  of  drawer  space.  Another 
benefit  is  the  lower  cost  of  the 
microfiche  collection  —  $3,000 
as  opposed  to  approximately 
$14,000  for  the  collection  in 
hardcopy.  Each  volume  of  the 
collection  includes  approved 
name  and  unapproved  variant 
names  of  places,  a  description  of 
the  place  or  feature  (e.g., 
populated  place,  forest),  country 
in  which  the  place  is  located, 
latitude  and  longitude,  and  other 
finding  aids. 

Because  of  Basefsky 's  role  in 
the  project,  he  received  credit  in 
the  publication  for  being  an 
informal  consultant.  Duke 
received  thanks  for  lending  many 
of  its  gazetteers  to  be  filmed.  The 
Library  also  received  a  free  copy 
of  the  microfiche  collection, 
entitled  Foreign  Gazetteers  of  the 
U.S.  Board  on  Geographic  Names. 

PERKINS  LIBRARY 
EXHIBITS 

The  following  exhibits  will  be 
mounted  in  the  Perkins  Lobby 
exhibit  cases  during  the  spring, 
1988: 

January  Periodicals  and  the 
library  budget 

February  History  of  Afro- 
American  Literature 

March    Women's  History 

April      Friends'  Favorites  = 


BIPA 

(La  Banque  conformation  Poli- 
tique et  d'Actualite).  A 
Database  of  Current  Affairs  in 
France.  Chadwyk-Healey. 
Microfiche.  Base  File  1981-1986, 
and  1987  and  future. 
BIPA  is  a  current  index  to  twelve 
major  national  newspapers  and 
fifty  journals.  It  contains  a  Bib- 
liography of  French  Official  Publi- 
cations and  full  texts  of 
communiques  of  the  Council  of 
Ministers,  Presidential  State- 
ments, and  Abstracts  of  Minis- 
terial statements. 

Blacks  in  the  United  States 
Armed  Forces:  Basic 
Documents. 

Ed.  by  Morris  J.  MacGregor  and 
Bernard  C.  Nalty.  Wilmington, 
Del.:  Scholarly  Resources,  1977. 
13  volumes. 

Colt  Microfiche  Library  of 
State  Industrial 
Directories. 

Red  Bank.  N.J.:  Colt  Microfiche 
Corporation,  1987. 

The  National  Register  of 
Historic  Places,  North 
Carolina. 

Chadwyk-Healey,  Inc.,  1984. 
Record  on  microfiche  of  the  sites 
and  structures  of  importance  in 
history  and  culture,  archaeology, 
architecture  and  engineering. 


The  New  Republic. 

New  York,  N.Y.  Vol.  1  (1914)-  173 
(197S).  Microfilm. 

Papers  of  the  League  of 
Women  Voters,  1981 1974. 

Ed.  by  Anne  Firor  Scott  and  Wil- 
liam H.  Chafe.  Frederick,  Md.: 
University  Publications  of  Ameri- 
ca, 1985-.  98  reels  of  microfilm 
and  4  printed  guides.  Future 
volumes  will  be  received  as  pub- 
lished. 

Papers  of  the  NAACP. 

Parts  3-7.  Frederick,  MD.:  Univer- 
sity Publications  of  America, 
1981-  167  reels  of  microfilm  and 
7  printed  guides. 
The  library  already  has  Parts  1 
and  2.  The  new  parts  include: 
The  Campaign  for  Educational 
Equality,  1913-1950:  The  Voting 
Rights  Campaign,  1916-1950;  The 
Campaign  against  Racial  Segrega- 
tion, 1914-1955;  The  Scottsboro 
Case,  1931-1950;  and  The  Anti- 
Lynching  Campaign,  1912-1955. 


REPUBLIC 

Published  Weekly 
Saturday  7lh  Noveml.er  li)i4 


i  Seeks  to  » 
Challenge 
New  Time 


NOTABLE  ACQUISITIONS 
1986/87 


Records  of  Ante  Bellum 
Southern  Plantations  from 
the  Revolution  Through 
the  Civil  War. 

Frederick,  Md.:  University  Publi- 
cations of  America,  1985-.  257 
reels  of  microfilm  and  12  printed 
guides. 

Organized  into  six  series,  the 
records  filmed  have  been  selected 
from  collections  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina,  the  South 
Carolina  Historical  Society,  the 
Library  of  Congress,  the  Maryland 
Historical  Society,  the  University 
of  Virginia  Library,  and  Duke 
University.  Other  collections  will 
be  filmed  in  the  future. 

Radio  Report  on  the  Far 
East. 

United  States.  Foreign  Broadcast 
Information  Service.  Washington, 
D.C.  August  24,  1942-October  14. 
1945.  20  volumes.  = 


The  Snow  Building  in 
downtown  Durham,  from 
The  National  Register  of 
Historic  Places,  North 
Carolina 


NONPROFIT  ORG. 
U.S.  POSTAGE 

PAID 
DURHAM,  N.C 
PERMIT  NO.  60 


Duke  University  Library 
Durham,  North  Carolina  27706 
USA 

Do  Not  Forward 

Address  Correction  Requested 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

Vol.  1,  No.  3      Spring,  1988 


The  paper  of  over  a  million  volumes  on  the 
Library's  shelves  is  crumbling  to  pieces. 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY 


Vol.  1,  No.  3      Spring,  1988 


The  Report  of  the 
National  Commission  on 
Space,  published  by 
Bantam  Books,  is  an 
example  of  the 
government  policy  of 
privatization,  (p.  16) 


PIONEERING 
THE 

SPACE  FRONTIER 


Aa\s have  been  lequc^c 


These  \ourna 

and  approved 
but  cannot  beaded. 


This  1558  publication  is 
among  those  recently 
acquired  by  the  Library 
(p.  23) 


Though  many  were 
chosen,  few  were  ordered 
during  1987.  (p.  3) 


HISTORIA  DELLE  COSE 

OCCORSE  NEL  REGNO 

d'  inghii.  terra, 

in  matccia  del  Ducadi  Notomberlati 
dopo  la  mortediOdoardo  VI. 


NE  LU  AC  AD  E  MIA  VENETIAN  A, 
M .    D  .     L  V  I  I  I . 


FEATURES 

THE  SERIALS  CRISIS:  BACKGROUND  AND  3 
RESPONSE 

The  declining  dollar  and  pricing  policies  of  publishers 
necessitate  creative  strategies  for  collection  management 

GIFTS  FOR  THE  FUTURE  -  LIBRARY  10 
ENDOWMENTS 

A  series  on  endowments  begins  with  a  look  at  the 
larger  endowments,  their  founders  and  their  purposes. 

PRESERVATION  AT  DUKE  LIBRARIES:  HOW  DO  WE  14 

FACE  THE  CHALLENGE? 

Can  the  decay  of  acid-ridden  books  be  prevented? 

PUBLIC  INFORMATION:  THE  JOURNEY  TO  16 
PRIVATIZATION 

By  putting  its  publishing  up  for  grabs,  the  government 
provides  less  and  less  information  to  its  citizens. 


WORDS  FROM  THE  EDITOR 

2 

FRIENDS'  CORNER  9 

NOTABLE  ACQUISITIONS 

22 

SHOW  YOUR  SUPPORT 

24 

NEWS  NOTES 

26 

LETTER  FROM  THE  LIBRARIAN 

28 

VICE-PROVOST  FOR  LIBRARY 
AFFAIRS  AND  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARIAN 
Jerry  D.  Campbell 

EDITOR 
Joline  R.  Ezzell 

PUBLICATIONS  COMMITTEE 
Dale  Campbell 
Deborah  Jakubs 
Michael  Shumate 
Lauren  Williams 


Duke  University  Libraries  (ISSN 
08954909)  is  published  three 
times  a  year  by  Duke  University 
Library,  Durham,  NC  27706 
USA  (919)  684-2034.  It  is 
distributed  to  Duke  University 
faculty  members  and  library- 
staff,  to  members  of  the  Friends 
of  the  Library  and  to  other 
libraries.  Letters  to  the  editor, 
subscription  inquiries,  and 
changes  of  address  should  be 
sent  to  the  Editor,  Duke 
University  Libraries.  Durham, 
NC  27706  USA.  Copyright  (c) 
1988  Duke  University  Library. 
Photography  by  Les  Todd. 
Designed  by  West  Side  Studio, 
Durham,  NC.  Typeset  by  Paste- 
Ups,  Ltd.  Printed  by  PBM 
Graphics.  Inc. 


WORDS  FROM  THE  EDITOR 


This  issue  of  Duke  University 
Libraries  contains  articles 
describing  several  of  the 
challenges  that  this  Library  and, 
indeed,  all  other  research 
libraries  throughout  this  country, 
face  in  carrying  out  their  mission. 

The  Library  has  been  hard  hit 
by  the  falling  dollar  overseas.  Be- 
cause a  large  portion  of  the  books 
we  purchase  are  published  in  for- 
eign countries,  the  effect  has 
been  considerable.  An  arresting 
and  effective  exhibit  was  mounted 
in  January  in  the  Lobby  of  Per- 
kins Library.  Prepared  by  mem- 
bers of  the  staff  from  the 
Collection  Management  Division 
and  the  Serials  and  Reference 
Departments,  the  exhibit  showed 
vividly  the  effect  on  libraries  of 
inflation,  the  falling  dollar,  the 
consolidation  of  publishing  firms, 
and  discriminatory  pricing  poli- 


cies. The  article,  "The  Serials  Cri- 
sis: Background  and  Response," 
conveys  in  detail  the  themes  of 
the  exhibit. 

Also  affecting  the  budget  of 
libraries  is  the  recent  decision  of 
the  federal  government  to  turn 
over  to  private  publishers  the 
responsibility  for  issuing  reports 
of  some  government  agencies. 
Called  "privatization,"  this  trend 
has  cost  libraries  thousands  of 
dollars  already.  This  topic  is  ex- 
plored by  Marie  Clark,  Head  of 
the  Public  Documents/Maps 
Department  in  the  article  "Public 
Information:  The  Journey  to 
Privatization." 

Not  only  is  it  becoming  more 
costly  to  obtain  publications,  but 
it  is  also  becoming  more  difficult 
and  expensive  to  retain  them 
once  acquired.  The  paper  of 
post-1850  publications  contains 
the  seeds  of  its  own  destruction 
in  the  form  of  acid.  Hastened  by 
less-than-ideal  environmental 
conditions  and  by  use,  the  eventu- 
al decay  of  thousands  of  books 
published  since  1850  is  certain. 
The  challenge  for  libraries  is  to 
preserve  the  intellectual  content 
of  those  volumes  that  are  deemed 
worthy  of  saving.  Connie  McCar- 


thy's article,  "Preservation  at 
Duke  Libraries:  How  Do  We  Face 
the  Challenge?"  introduces  this 
topic  and  presents  possible  strate- 
gies for  action. 

One  means  of  ensuring  finan- 
cial resources  for  meeting  these 
and  other,  as  yet  unknown, 
challenges  of  the  future  is 
through  endowments.  The  in- 
come from  endowments  supple- 
ments the  annual  allocation  for 
the  Library  in  the  University 
budget.  This  issue  of  the  maga- 
zine launches  a  series  on  the  ex- 
isting Library  endowments.  The 
first  article  in  the  series  describes 
the  largest  endowments,  relating 
the  purpose  for  each  endowment 
and  some  of  the  history  behind 
its  creation. 

The  response  to  Duke  Univer- 
sity Libraries  has  for  the  most 
part  been  extremely  positive.  We 
hope  that  it  is  achieving  its  pur- 
pose: to  alert  you  to  the  resources 
and  services  of  the  Library  and  to 
inform  you  of  challenges  facing 
it.  Let  us  hear  from  you  if  you 
have  suggestions  for  articles  or 
questions  about  the  Library.  = 


2 


these  ioumaUhMeb 


The  lack  of  funds  has 
delayed  purchase  of 
hundreds  of 

recommended  titles,  from 
Journal  of  Communist 
Studies  to  Churchman. 

During  January  1988,  a  display  in 
the  lobby  of  Perkins  Library  enti- 
tled "Crisis:  The  Dollar,  The  Pub- 
lishers, The  Budget  and  You" 
explained  and  illustrated  graphi- 
cally the  serials  crisis  presently 
faced  by  libraries  and  the  obsta- 
cles Duke  faces  in  continuing  to 
build  and  maintain  a  true 
research  collection.  The  exhibit 
showed  the  effects  of  the  declin- 
ing dollar  on  Duke's  formerly 
healthy  collections;  journal  pub- 
lishers' discriminatory  pricing 
policies;  and  a  budget  allocation 


that  has  proved,  as  a  result  of 
these  factors,  to  be  inadequate. 
Because  of  this  crisis,  no  new 
subscriptions  have  been  added  to 
Perkins  system  libraries  in  over  a 
year.  In  fact,  cancellations  of  up 
to  $85,000  will  be  necessary  dur- 
ing the  current  fiscal  year  in  or- 
der to  meet  the  cost  of  present 
subscriptions. 

A  variety  of  factors  have  com- 
bined to  erode  dramatically  the 
buying  power  of  the  dollar 
abroad.  Furthermore,  journal 
prices  worldwide  have  risen  at  a 
much  faster  rate  than  prices  of 
other  consumer  goods.  See  Table 
1.  The  graph  "Journal  Price 
Changes"  shows  the  annual  per- 
centage increases  or  decreases  in 


prices  for  thirteen  titles  during 
the  five-year  period  1984  through 
1988.  These  examples  do  not 
necessarily  represent  the  titles 
with  the  greatest  price  changes 
during  the  period.  Since  many  of 
the  Library's  current  subscrip- 
tions come  from  Western  Europe, 
where  the  dollar  has  weakened 
most  drastically,  our  ability  to  add 
new  subscriptions  and,  thus,  to 
continue  to  build  a  true  research 
collection,  has  been  seriously  un- 
dermined. 

THE  PUBLISHERS 

In  the  information  chain  that 
stretches  from  the  publisher  to 
the  library  patron,  there  has  tradi- 
tionally been  a  strong  symbiotic 
relationship  among  the  members 
-  that  is,  the  publishers,  the 
book  dealers  and  periodical  ven- 
dors, and  the  libraries.  All  have 
been  committed  to  integrity  and 
ethical  behavior.  Recently  there 
has  arisen  a  growing  concern  that 
publishers  are  violating  this  sense 
of  trust. 

While  libraries  may  buy  materi- 
als directly  from  publishers,  more 
often,  to  save  staff  time  and 
money,  they  use  vendors  as  inter- 
mediaries. Instead  of  dealing  with 
hundreds  and  hundreds  of  pub- 
lishers, libraries  can  do  business 
with  a  much  smaller  number  of 
vendors  who  ship  and  bill  in  bulk 
and  pass  along  savings  to  the 
library.  Although  libraries  still 
purchase  a  number  of  serials 
directly  from  publishers,  it  is 
usually  more  efficient  and  eco- 
nomical to  buy  through  inter- 
mediaries in  each  country. 
Subscription  agents  can  handle 
the  placement  of  hundreds  of  ti- 
tles, thus  saving  the  library  con- 


THE  SERIALS  CRISIS: 
BACKGROUND  AND 
RESPONSE 


DEBORAH  JAKUBS 
VIRGINIA  GILBERT 
JERI  VAN  GOETHEM 


TABLE  1 

COMPARATIVE  PRICE  INCREASES 


1985  1986      %  CHANGE 


Toyota  CAMRY  $  9,378  $  10,648  +  13.5% 

Panasonic  VCR  $  299  $  299  0% 

Beaujolais  Wine  $  4.29  $  4.99  +  16.3% 

Seiko  Watch  $  115  $  135  +  17.4% 

Journals: 

Histochemistry  $  564  $  976  +  42.2% 

Archives  of  Microbiology  $  713  $  992  +  28.1% 


siderable  effort  and  postage.  In 
addition,  many  of  these  vendors 
perform  other  services,  such  as 
claiming  for  missing  issues  and 
providing  customized  printouts  of 
titles  and  other  management  in- 
formation. As  publishers  seek 
higher  and  higher  profits,  some 
vendors,  along  with  libraries,  are 
being  forced  into  a  difficult  "sur- 
vival" stance. 

For  example,  European  vendors 
who  were  formerly  able  to  pur- 
chase journals  with  foreign  cur- 


rency for  U.  S.  libraries  recently 
were  prevented  from  doing  so. 
Publishers  forced  them,  under  the 
threat  of  not  providing  the  needed 
materials,  to  reveal  the  library  ad- 
dresses of  their  clients.  In  this 
way  the  publishers  could  guaran- 
tee that  the  libraries  would  have 
to  pay  the  U.  S.  price,  which  is 
frequently  higher  than  the  price 
for  any  other  country. 

Four  major  publishing  trends 
have  contributed  to  the  present 
crisis  in  the  serials  budgets  of 


AVERAGE  SUBSCRIPTION  PRICES  PAID 
BY  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 


$82.-17 

$78.04 

$73.89 


$104.1 

$92.32 


$67.81 

$57.23 


$50.11 

$4514 


78  78-79  79-80  80-81  81-82  82-83         83-84  84-85         85-86  86-87 


research  libraries. 

(1)  Differential  pricing  European 
publishers  practice  discriminatory 
pricing  towards  the  North  Ameri- 
can market  by  selling  the  same 
product  to  different  buyers  at 
different  prices.  This  price 
differential  does  not  reflect  cost 
differences  in  producing  or  sell- 
ing the  product.  In  1976,  British 
publishers  began  listing  three 
subscription  prices:  one  for  the 
domestic  market  (in  Pounds  ster- 
ling); one,  slightly  higher,  for  the 
foreign  market  (also  given  in 
Pounds);  and  one  for  the  North 
American  market,  given  in  U.  S. 
dollars.  The  North  American 
price  has  increased  more  sharply 
in  recent  years  than  the  other 
two.  Today  the  differentials  often 
seem  excessive  if  not  exorbitant. 
Other  European  publishers,  such 
as  the  German  firm  VCH  Verlags- 
gesellschaft,  also  use  inflated 
U.  S.  distribution  prices.  Verlag 
Chemie  (German)  increased  U.  S. 
prices  by  61  %  from  1985  to  1986. 
Moreover,  European  publishers 
have  attempted  to  establish  exclu- 
sive U.  S.  distributorships  to  pre- 
vent U.  S.  libraries  from  obtaining 
materials  at  the  European  sub- 
scription rates.  Such  attempts 
clearly  demonstrate  that  journal 
rates  are  based  on  market  con- 
siderations (what  the  market  will 
bear)  rather  than  on  publishing 
costs. 

These  differences  in  prices  be- 
tween the  North  American  and 
other  markets  exacerbate  the 
longstanding  irritant  of  institu- 
tional versus  individual  subscrip- 
tion rates.  Libraries  have  been 
charged  the  institutional  price, 
which  is  often  more  than  twice 


the  fee  charged  to  individual  sub- 
scribers. 

(2)  Exploitative  Journal  Pricing 
for  Excessive  Profit  and  the 
Proliferation  of  Journal  Titles 
Publishers  often  cite  increases  in 
the  cost  of  paper,  labor,  or  mar- 
keting, or  even  a  declining  num- 
ber of  subscriptions  as 
justification  for  price  increases. 
However,  it  is  clear  that  many 
publishing  companies  have  been 
reaping  excessive  profits.  See  Ta- 
ble 2.  In  1986  the  Plenum  Pub- 
lishing Company  (British)  earned 
$11.5  million  pre-tax  profit  on 
sales  of  $38  million.  Pergamon 
(British)  made  a  million  Pounds 
in  1986  and  saw  its  profit  margin 
jump  from  25%  to  40%  between 
1980  and  1986. 

Another  recent  trend  is  the 
rapid  proliferation  of  journals, 
particularly  in  scientific  areas 
where  research  relies  more  heavi- 
ly on  journal  literature.  Hyper- 
specialization,  otherwise  known 
as  "twigging,"  forces  libraries  to 
acquire  more  and  more  titles  as 
each  special  topic  is  issued  in  a 
separate  journal.  Even  though 
most  foreign  journals  have  in- 
creased in  cost  because  of  the 
devaluation  of  the  dollar,  those 
showing  the  highest  inflationary 
rise  are  the  very  ones  deemed  es- 
sential by  large  research  libraries. 
They  are,  for  the  most  part,  ex- 
pensive scientific  journals.  Since 
journal  literature  is  indispensable 
in  the  physical  and  biological 
sciences,  fields  in  which  Duke's 
programs  are  outstanding,  the 
Perkins  system  libraries  have 
built  a  strong  collection  of  scien- 
tific journals. 


(3)  Globalization  and  Con- 
glomeration within  the  Publish- 
ing Industry  During  the  last  two 
years,  enormous  national  and  in- 
ternational conglomerates  have 
acquired  some  of  the  largest 
North  American  publishers.  El- 
sevier (Dutch),  Pergamon,  Reed 
(British),  and  Taylor  &  Francis 
(British)  are  using  portions  of 
their  revenue  to  finance  corporate 
growth  by  purchasing  U.  S.  pub- 
lishing companies.  Small  publish- 
ers are  disappearing;  fewer 
publishers  are  issuing  more  and 
more  of  the  journal  titles.  These 
publishing  giants  are  bent  on 
maximization  of  profit.  When  a 
company  such  as  Elsevier  pub- 
lishes 560  journals,  it  has  a  mo- 
nopoly in  many  fields.  The  power 
which  a  handful  of  media  con- 
glomerates are  accruing  translates 
into  increased  potential  for  mar- 
ket manipulation  and  higher 
prices. 

(4)  Exploitation  of  the  Scholarly 
Communication  Chain  Scholars 
-  whether  as  authors,  jurors,  or 
editors  —  are  the  source  of  the 
product  for  publishers  of  scholar- 
ly journals.  They  are  also  the 
recipients  of  the  product  in  the 
scholarly  communication  chain. 
The  publishers  are  the 
beneficiaries.  Journals  are  in- 
creasing in  size  and  cost  because 
publishers  are  responding  to  the 
producers  of  articles.  The  number 
of  full-time  instructional  staff  at 
U.  S.  institutions  of  higher  educa- 
tion increased  more  than 
threefold  between  1960  and  1982. 


TABLE  2 

SELECTED  JOURNAL  PRICE  INCREASES 
1975-1987 


SCIENCES: 

1975 

1987 

0/  iM/inr  k  CP 

%  INCREASE 

Biochimica  et  Biophysica  Acta 

t  i^i 

$  3882 

lo\J  /o 

Coordination  Chemistry 

$  136 

$ 

745 

448% 

Inorganica  Chimica  Acta 

$  235 

$ 

1918 

716% 

International  Journal  of 

Theoretical  Physics 

$  135 

$ 

395 

193% 

Journal  of  Theoretical  Biology 

$  234 

$ 

1195 

411% 

HUMANITIES  &  SOCIAL  SCIENCES: 

Accounting  Review 

$  25 

$ 

50 

100% 

Architectural  Review 

$  37 

$ 

85 

127% 

Historical  Abstracts 

$  495 

$ 

1749 

253% 

Journal  of  Industrial  Economics 

$  20 

$ 

75 

275% 

Survey  of  Current  Business 

$  48 

$ 

48 

0% 

U.S.  Consumer  Price  Index 

110% 

J.  of  Acad.  Librarianship  Sept.  1987 


Pressures  upon  scholars  to 
produce  have  intensified.  The 
result  is  a  sea  of  manuscripts. 
Publishing  outlets  are,  ironically, 
a  scarce  and  precious  resource. 
Publishers  stand  to  gain  as  they 
acquire  subsidized  research 
without  charge  and  then  sell  it  to 
universities  in  the  form  of  expen- 
sive journals.  During  the  past  ten 
years  increasing  numbers  of 
scientific,  non-profit  organizations 
have  turned  the  printing  and  dis- 
tribution of  their  publications 
over  to  commercial  publishers. 
These  publications,  when 
produced  commercially,  tend  to 
be  more  expensive  than  the  same 
journals  published  by  non-profit 
organizations. 

5 


THE  BUDGET 

The  sources  of  funding  for  the 
Library's  materials  budget  (that 
part  of  the  overall  library  budget 
designated  for  the  purchase  of 
books,  periodicals,  etc.)  are:  funds 
appropriated  by  the  University; 
income  from  endowment  funds 
earmarked  for  library  use;  and 
other  restricted  funds,  such  as  the 
Friends  of  the  Library  and  Duke 
Endowment  funds.  The  major 
budget  lines  are: 

•  Serials  This  includes  payments 
for  periodicals,  annuals,  and 
monographic  series  (standing  ord- 
ers). Over  50  %  of  the  serial  ex- 
penditures are  for  foreign  titles. 
University-appropriated  funds 
only  are  used. 

•  Monographs  This  includes  pay- 
ments for  books,  films,  etc.  (one- 
time orders).  Funds  from  all 
sources  are  used. 


•  Binding  This  includes  payments 
made  to  commercial  binders  for 
binding  books  and  journals. 
University-appropriated  funds 
only  are  used. 

•  Postage  This  includes  payments 
for  postage,  shipping  and  han- 
dling for  all  materials.  University- 
appropriated  funds  only  are  used. 

Total  expenditures  for  the  past 
three  years  for  all  Perkins  system 
libraries  except  the  Duke  Marine 
Laboratory  Library  (Perkins, 
Biology-Forestry,  Chemistry,  Di- 
vinity School,  East  Campus,  En- 
gineering, Math-Physics,  and 


Music)  together  with  the  Universi- 
ty appropriation  for  the  coming 
year  are  listed  in  Table  3.  All 
figures  have  been  rounded. 

Drastic  price  increases  for  peri- 
odical subscriptions  and  the 
devaluation  of  the  dollar  have 
brought  significant  increases  in 
serials  expenditures,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  monographic  budget. 
In  other  words,  the  library  has 
been  forced  to  curtail  the  pur- 
chase of  books  in  order  to  pay 
the  bills  for  the  serial  subscrip- 
tions. Increases  in  serials  expen- 
ditures have  been  as  follows: 


TABLE  3 

TOTAL  EXPENDITURES  FOR  PERKINS  SYSTEM  LIBRARIES* 

FROM  APPROPRIATED    FROM  ALL  SOURCES 
 FUNDS  

984/85  $1,915,000  $2,226,000 

985/86  $2,074,000  $2,525,000 

986/87  $2,282,000  $2,770,000 

987/88  Budget  for  appropriated  funds:  $2,371,000 


Excluding  Duke  Marine  Laboratory 


1983/84  to  1984/85    +  7% 
1984/85  to  1985/86   +  14% 
1985/86  to  1986/87   +  16% 
Predictions  about  price  increases 
for  periodical  subscriptions  for 
1987  and  concern  about  the  fall- 
ing dollar  led  the  Library  to  take 
a  series  of  steps  late  in  1986. 
First,  a  moratorium  on  new  sub- 
scriptions was  imposed.  Second, 
Collection  Management  staff 
limited  the  use  of  appropriated 
monograph  funds  in  case  those 
monies  might  be  needed  for  the 
projected  serials  overexpenditure. 
Endowed  and  other  restricted 
funds  were  used,  for  the  most 
part,  to  purchase  current  mono- 
graphs. Third,  staff  began  a  major 
review  of  periodicals  and  serial 
subscriptions  with  the  goal  of 
cancelling  titles  not  deemed  es- 
sential. 

By  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year, 
actions  taken  during  1986/87  had 
had  a  number  of  major  results. 
The  serials  line  in  the  budget  was 
overexpended  by  approximately 
$40,000,  very  few  new  subscrip- 
tions were  placed,  and  the  value 
of  cancelled  titles  amounted  to 
$26,000.  In  addition,  the  propor- 
tion of  expenditures  from  ap- 
propriated funds  for  serials 
steadily  increased  while  the 
proportion  for  monographs 
declined.  This  was  due  in  part  to 
the  necessary  diversion  of  funds 
from  monographs  to  serials;  on- 
going commitments,  such  as 
those  represented  by  serials,  must 
be  honored  and  bills  must  be 
paid  each  year.  It  was  also  partly 
due  to  the  effect  of  the  devalued 
dollar  on  the  cost  of  foreign 


monographs.  Hence,  fewer  mono- 
graphs were  purchased  with  ap- 
propriated funds  than  in  earlier 
years,  forcing  the  library  to  rely 
on  endowed  and  restricted  funds 
for  current  book  acquisitions. 
These  funds  are  generally 
reserved  for  retrospective  and 
special  purchases,  and  most  of 
them  carry  subject  restrictions. 

During  1987/88,  the  review  of 
periodicals  and  other  serials  for 
possible  cancellation  continues. 
The  cost  of  the  titles  cancelled 
between  July  1987  and  January 
1988  totaled  $36,000.  The 
moratorium  on  new  subscriptions 
remains  in  effect  this  fiscal  year. 

WHAT  THE  LIBRARY  IS 
DOING 

In  facing  the  serials  crisis,  the 
Library  has  taken  a  number  of 
steps.  Staff  have  been  cancelling 
duplicate  subscriptions  in  the  Per- 
kins system.  However,  since  a 
cancellation  project  was  under- 
taken four  years  ago,  the  savings 
from  identifying  duplicate  sub- 
scriptions have  not  been  great. 
Nevertheless,  a  major  review  of 
journal  and  other  serial  subscrip- 
tions has  identified  titles  that  can 
be  cancelled.  Faculty  are  consult- 
ed about  many  titles,  especially 
those  with  interdisciplinary  ap- 
peal. In  addition,  the  Collection 
Management  Division  is  holding 
all  requests  for  new  subscriptions 
until  it  can  be  sure  that  the  budg- 
et is  sufficient  to  cover  existing 
standing  order  commitments. 

The  crisis  has  also  brought 
about  a  major  review  and  revision 
of  the  cooperative  acquisitions  ar- 
rangement that  has  been  in  exis- 
tence with  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill  and  North 
Carolina  State  for  decades.  All 


three  libraries  are  making  availa- 
ble copies  of  journal  articles  via 
telefacsimile  transmission  to 
users  at  the  other  institutions.  A 
Joint  Endeavors  Task  Force 
(JETF)  will  soon  be  appointed  to 
identify  areas  in  which  new  or 
improved  cooperation  may  be 
achieved;  to  outline  and  estimate 
major  advantages,  other  than  cost 
savings,  of  enhanced  cooperation, 
as  well  as  to  identify  its  disadvan- 
tages; and  to  recommend  the  next 
steps  toward  making  greater 

JOURNAL  PRICE  CHANGES, 
1984-1988 

PERCENTAGE  CHANGE 


JOURNAL  PRICE  CHANGES, 
1984-1988 


PERCENTAGE  CHANGE 


I'M 


ins:, 


Limnology  and  Oceanography 
Mathematical  and  Computer  Modelling 
i  Journal  of  Financial  Economics 
Tetrahedron 

Numerical  Heat  Transfer 


cooperation  among  the  three  in- 
stitutions a  reality. 

Finally,  Library  staff  are  in- 
forming faculty  and  other  Library 
users  of  the  seriousness  of  the 
situation  and  of  ways  they  can 
help,  as  well  as  providing  the 
University  administration  with  in- 
formation on  trends  in  the  pub- 
lishing industry  and  other  factors 
affecting  the  Library's  ability  to 
support  academic  programs.  The 
University  administration  has 
responded  to  the  serials  crisis  by 
allocating  a  significant  increase  in 
Library  funds  in  the  projected 
budget  for  1988/89. 

HOW  CAN  LIBRARY  USERS 
HELP? 

•  Recommend  to  the  Library  staff 
titles  for  cancellation. 

•  Communicate  to  the  Library 


staff  your  willingness  to  rely  on 
article  delivery  as  a  substitute 
for  a  journal  subscription. 
Share  with  the  Library  your 
willingness  to  cooperate  with 
librarians  in  encouraging  pub- 
lishers to  make  journals  availa- 
ble electronically  for  a  usage 
fee  rather  than  a  subscription 
charge. 

Pressure  publishers  to  discon- 
tinue the  practice  of  subscrip- 
tion pricing  differentials  which 
adversely  affect  U.  S.  and  in- 
stitutional subscribers. 
Use  your  influence  as  a  mem- 
ber of  societies  and  editorial 
boards  to  reduce  subscription 
fees  for  journals,  or  at  least  to 
keep  them  from  rising  astro- 
nomically. Evaluate  critically 
the  need  for  initiating  new 
journals. 


Support  more  rigorous  referee- 
ing  of  submissions  to  journals 
so  that  libraries  can  collect 
quality,  not  just  quantity. 
Help  the  library  identify  jour- 
nals that  base  the  subscription 
price  on  a  per-page  fee,  while 
charging  authors  to  print  arti- 
cles. Consider  recommending 
that  the  Library  cancel  these 
journals. 

1  Work  with  libraries  in  advocat- 
ing changes  in  the  U.  S. 
copyright  law  that  would  permit 
more  photocopying  for 
scholarly  use. 

1  When  recommending  book 
and/or  journal  titles  for  Library 
acquisition,  consider  the  scho- 
larly merit  and  long-term  value 
to  the  collection.  Also  take  into 
account  holdings  at  other  Trian- 
gle institutions,  and  identify  ti- 
tles for  which  one  copy  or 
subscription  among  the  three 
libraries  would  suffice. 

1  Communicate  with  your  col- 
leagues, department  chair,  the 
Library  Council,  the  University 
Librarian,  and  the  Provost  your 
concern  about  the  importance 
of  maintaining  an  outstanding 
research  collection  and  work 
with  your  associates  nationally 
and  internationally  to  combat 
unfair  practices  of  publishers. 


Deborah  Jakubs  and  Virginia  Gilbert 
are  bibliographers  in  the  Collection 
Management  Division.  Jeri  Van 
Goethem  is  Head  of  the  Serials 
Department.  They  wrote  this  article 
with  the  assistance  of  llene  Nelson, 
Reference  Librarian,  and  Helene 
Baumann,  Bibliographer  in  the 
Collection  Management  Division. 


The  exhibit  included 
shrinking  dollars,  a  bottle 
of  wine,  and  a  toy  car  to 
illustrate  the  effect  of  the 


FRIENDS'  CORNER 


CORRECTION 

Duke  University  Libraries  regrets 
very  much  the  omission  from 
volume  1,  no.  2  of  the  following 
Friends  of  the  Library,  who  are 
loyal  supporters  in  many  ways: 
Rebekah  F.  Kirby 
Mrs.  R.  L.  Predmore 

NEW  LIFE  MEMBERS 

The  following  individuals  have 

qualified  for  life  membership  in 

the  Friends  of  the  Library  since 

the  last  issue  of  Duke  University 

Libraries  went  to  press: 

William  W.  Abbot 

Griffith  J  Davis 

Bernard  Duffey 

Edith  E.  Hassold 

George  Hitchings 

William  T.  Joines 

Thomas  Langford 

Eve  L.  Menger 

William  M.  O'Barr 

Angeline  S.  Pruner 

Henry  F.  Safrit 

Jesse  J.  Sell 

Lloyd  H.  Smith 

Henry  Taylor 

Dorothy  Morgenstern  Thomas 
Edward  A.  Tiryakian 
Hendrik  A.  Van  Dijk 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  P. 

Waggoner,  Jr. 
C.  David  White 
Myron  L.  Wolbarsht 


BOOK  COLLECTORS 
CONTEST 

This  is  the  year  of  the  Jeremy 
North  Student  Book  Collection 
Contest.  This  contest,  sponsored 
by  the  Friends  of  the  Library  and 
the  Gothic  Bookshop,  is  held 
biennially,  alternating  with  the 
Essay  Contest.  To  enter  the  con- 
test, students  must  prepare  a  bib- 
liography of  the  books  in  their 
collection  and  submit  a  sample  of 
ten  representative  volumes.  Each 
contestant  is  then  interviewed  by 
a  panel  of  judges. 

Three  awards  may  be  given: 
$200  for  first  prize  and  $75  for 
second  prize  among  undergradu- 
ates and  $100  for  first  prize 
among  graduate  students.  These 
awards  are  in  the  form  of  gift  cer- 
tificates to  the  Gothic  Bookshop. 
Winners  will  be  invited  as  guests 
of  the  Friends  to  the  annual  din- 
ner meeting,  where  the  prizes 
will  be  presented. 

There  has  been  a  good  deal  of 
interest  in  the  contest  this  year, 
with  several  students  eager  to 
enter  their  collections.  It  is  hoped 
that  the  judges  will  have  many 
fine  entries  from  which  to  choose 
the  best. 


MEMBERSHIP  RENEWAL 

Last  fall  each  member  should 
have  received  a  letter  from  the 
Chairman  of  the  Friends,  Thomas 
Langford,  requesting  renewed 
support  for  the  Library.  If  you 
have  not  yet  renewed  your  mem- 
bership for  1988  or  made  a  con- 
tribution to  the  Library  through 
the  annual  fund,  please  use  the 
form  in  this  issue  to  do  so.  To 
continue  its  heritage  of  excellent 
service  to  the  Duke  community, 
the  Library  needs  your  support. 
This  publication,  borrowing 
privileges  at  the  Library,  and  invi- 
tations to  Friends'  functions  are 
the  tangible  benefits  of  member- 
ship. Knowing  that  you  are  help- 
ing to  educate  our  future  leaders 
is  the  intangible  benefit.  Won't 
you  renew  today?  = 


9 


GIFTS  FOR  THE  FUTURE  — 
LIBRARY  ENDOWMENTS 


JOLINE  R.  EZZELL 
SPECIAL  PROJECTS  LIBRARIAN 


When  Benjamin  E.  Powell, 
University  Librarian  from  1946  to 
1975,  first  worked  in  the  Library 
in  1924,  there  were  ten  endow- 
ments. This  number  has  grown  to 
sixty-six.  This  article  is  the  first  of 
several  that  will  describe  the 
Library's  endowments,  their  uses, 
and  the  individuals  who  created 
them.  The  largest  endowments 
are  described  in  this  first  seg- 
ment. Most  of  the  information  in 
this  article  comes  from  sources  in 
the  Archives  of  Duke  University. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
FLOWERS  MEMORIAL 
FUND 

The  George  Washington  Flowers 
Memorial  Fund  was  established 
in  1941  by  the  $200,000  bequest 
of  William  W.  Flowers  in  memory 
of  his  father,  Colonel  George 

Washington  Flowers. 
It  was  supplemented 
in  1952  by  the 
$100,000  bequest  of 
William's  brother, 
Robert  L.  Flowers,  a 
former  President  of 
Duke  University. 

William  Flowers 
was  an  1894  gradu- 
ate of  Trinity  Col- 
lege. He  resigned  his 
position  as  superin- 
tendent of  Durham  City  Schools 
in  1899,  following  which  he 
taught  German  for  one  year  at 
Duke.  After  studying  briefly  at 
Harvard,  he  began  working  for 
the  American  Tobacco  Company 
in  1901.  He  was  made  the  General 
Manager  of  the  Black  Bull 
Durham  plant  in  1906,  later  be- 
coming the  General  Manager  of 
the  W.  Duke  Sons  &  Company 
branch  of  Liggett  &  Myers  Tobac- 
co Company.  In  1912  he  was 


The  1949  addition  to  the 
Library  begins  to  take  its 
place  on  the  quad. 

elected  a  director  of  the  company. 
He  transferred  in  1914  to  the  New 
York  office  where  he  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  manufacturing 
department.  Two  years  later  he 
was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
Company.  In  1928  Flowers  took 
on  the  management  and  direction 
of  the  leaf  buying  department. 

During  that  time  Flowers  be- 
came interested  in  developing  the 
Library  and  in  acquiring  docu- 
ments in  Southern  history  for  the 
collection.  For  two  decades,  from 
1920  to  1940,  he  sent  both  money 
and  advice  to  Dr.  William  K. 
Boyd,  a  history  professor  and  the 
Director  of  the  Library  from 
1930-1934.  He  served  much  like  a 
fairy  godfather,  sending  quarterly 
payments  of  $5,000  and  express- 
ing appreciation  and  admiration 
for  the  items  that  Boyd  was  able 


to  acquire.  The  following  state- 
ments appear  in  Flowers'  letters 
to  Boyd  during  1931  and  1932: 

"In  view  of  the  fact  that  you  do 
not  have  anything  else  to  do  now, 
it  would  probably  be  worth  while 
for  you  to  have  some  money  to 
spend  now  which  you  would  not 
ordinarily  get  until  later  in  the 
year." 

"I  recently  learned  rather  inciden- 
tally that  a  Mr.  Hawes,  who  lives 
with  his  son,  Colonel  George  P. 
Hawes,  at  Pinehurst,  North  Caroli- 
na, has  quite  a  collection  of  let- 
ters from  General  Lee  and 
others." 

"I  am  passing  on  to  you  a  copy  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  three  Roth  Etchings  of 
Washington's  Boyhood  Home. 


Perhaps  you  can  make  some  use 
of  them." 

"I  am  glad  to  know  that  you  have 
bought  the  Lee  letters  and  that 
you  have  prospects  of  securing 
other  letters  of  Lee  to  Jefferson 
Davis." 

Since  his  money  derived  from 
tobacco,  Flowers  sometimes 
feared  he  would  not  be  able  to 
send  funds  to  Boyd.  In  a  letter 
dated  February  14,  1933,  he  wor- 
ried, "...the  wholesale  price  of 
cigarettes  has  been  reduced 
again.  As  my  income  is  so  direct- 
ly tied  up  with  the  price  of 
cigarettes,  it  seems  almost  certain 
that  I  shall  not  be  able  to  con- 
tinue the  payments  after  the  April 
installment."  Happily,  payments 
did  continue. 

As  part  of  the  festivities  for  the 
Centennial  Celebration  of  the 
University  in  1938,  the  Library 
administration  decided  to  have  an 
exhibit  of  the  materials  acquired 
for  the  Flowers  collection.  To 
make  room  for  displaying  selec- 
tions from  the  collection  of  more 
than  one-half  million  items,  all 
the  periodicals  were  removed 
from  the  Periodicals  Room.  Even 
so,  part  of  the  exhibit  had  to  be 
displayed  in  the  Woman's  College 
Library. 

The  Flowers  collection  includes 
books,  manuscripts,  broadsides, 
maps,  music,  and  photographs. 
There  are  well  over  4,000,000 
pieces  in  the  collection.  Income 
from  the  Flowers  Memorial  Fund 
may  be  used  for  the  purchase  of 
manuscripts,  books,  and  other 
printed  or  photographed  materi- 
als dealing  with  the  life  and 
thought  of  the  Southern  states  of 
the  United  States  of  America. 


MARY  DUKE  BIDDLE 
LIBRARY  FUND 

The  Mary  Duke  Biddle  Library 
Fund  did  not  begin  as  a  specific 
fund  for  purchase  of  library 
materials.  It  has,  rather,  an  in- 
teresting history. 

Mary  Duke  Biddle,  born  in 
1887,  was  the  daughter  of  Benja- 
min Newton  Duke,  the  niece  of 
James  B.  Duke,  and  the  mother  of 
Mary  Duke  Biddle  Trent  Semans. 
She  graduated  from  Trinity  Col- 
lege in  1907. 

Throughout  her  life,  Biddle  dis- 
played great  generosity  toward 
Duke  University.  Her  first  philan- 
thropic gesture  was  to  assist  with 
the  funding  of  the  construction  of 
a  gym  at  Trinity  College.  Soon  af- 
terward she  gave  to  the  University 
Duke  Homestead,  the  146-acre 
farm  containing  the  six-room 
home  of  her  grandfather, 
Washington  Duke.  (Duke 
Homestead  is  now  a  state  historic 
site,  open  to  the  public.)  In 
memory  of  her  mother,  Mary 
Duke  Biddle  gave  funds  for  the 
development  of  the  Sarah  P.  Duke 
Gardens.  She  also  gave  notewor- 
thy oil  paintings  to  the  Woman's 
College  Library. 

At  the  October  1949  dedication 
of  the  addition  to  the  original 
Library  building,  it  was  revealed 
that  the  $1,500,000  anonymous 
donation  for  its  construction  had 
come  from  Mary  Duke  Biddle. 
This  addition,  which  doubled  the 
size  of  the  stacks,  included  the 
tower  beside  the  present  entrance 
and  a  new  Rare  Book  Room.  The 
addition  also  provided  new  space 
for  manuscripts,  newspapers, 
maps,  the  Bibliography  Section, 
the  graduate  reading  room,  and  a 
staff  lounge.  The  total  library 
seating  capacity  increased  from 
450  to  nearly  1,000,  and  the 
space  for  staff  was  quadrupled. 


Though  it  is  difficult  to  believe 
today,  the  construction  of  the  ad- 
dition did  not  require  all  of  the 
donated  funds.  The  University  ad- 
ministration allowed  the  Library 
to  keep  the  remaining  funds, 
creating  with  them  an  endow- 
ment fund  for  the  maintenance 
and  operation  of  the  Library.  In 
the  nearly  forty  years  since  its  es- 
tablishment, the  Mary  Duke  Bid- 
dle Library  Fund  has  provided 
income  for  the  purchase  of  thou- 
sands of  monographs.  In  recent 
years  this  fund  has  been  used  to 
purchase  all  of  the  books  received 
on  the  standing  order  for  publica- 
tions of  university  presses. 

In  1956  Biddle  established  the 
Mary  Duke  Biddle  Foundation  as 
an  instrument  through  which  to 
continue  her  support  of  the  arts. 
From  the  Biddle  Foundation  the 
Library  has  received  monies  for  a 
collection  of  Victorian  chapbooks, 
books  in  music,  music  scores, 
and  Greek  papyri. 

Mary  Duke  Biddle  died  on  June 
14,  1960.  Her  lifelong  love  for 


11 


Mary  Duke  Biddle 


Duke  University  was  reflected 
even  in  her  will.  The  provisions 
of  that  instrument  stated  that  no 
less  than  one-half  of  the  income 
from  her  residual  estate  should 
come  to  Duke  University  through 
the  Biddle  Foundation. 

BENJAMIN  E.  POWELL 
LIBRARY  ENDOWMENT 
FUND 

The  Benjamin  E.  Powell  Library 
Endowment  Fund  had  its  begin- 
nings in  1939.  It  was  established 
as  the  Library  Endowment  Fund 
through  contributions  from  a 
number  of  individuals  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Centennial  celebra- 


tion of  Duke  University.  To  honor 
Powell  at  his  retirement  from  the 
Library  in  1975,  the  name  was 
changed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
Library  staff  to  the  University  ad- 
ministration. On  the  occasion  of 
his  retirement,  friends  and  col- 
leagues contributed  over  $13,000 
to  the  fund.  The  income  from  the 
fund  may  be  used  for  the  General 
Library  of  Duke  University. 

Benjamin  E.  Powell  was  a  Duke 
graduate  who  had  worked  in  the 
Library  in  1924,  during  his  junior 
year.  He  worked  at  the  Reserve 
Desk,  earning  $50  per  term  for 
twelve  hours  of  work  per  week. 


Benjamin  E.  Powell 
University  Librarian, 
1946-1975 


The  duties  must  have  been  rela- 
tively simple,  as  his  training  took 
ten  minutes. 

Following  graduation,  Powell 
worked  as  a  high  school  coach  in 
North  Carolina,  returning  to  the 
Library  to  work  as  Head  of  the 
Circulation  Department  from 
1928  to  1929.  He  earned  a  degree 
in  Library  Science  from  Columbia 
University  in  1930.  Returning  to 
Duke  again,  he  assumed  responsi- 
bility for  both  the  Circulation  and 
Reference  Departments  until 
1934.  After  spending  several  years 
as  Head  Librarian  at  the  Universi- 
ty of  Missouri  and  earning  a 
Ph.D.  degree,  Powell  was  again 
drawn  to  Duke.  In  1946  he  began 
a  tenure  of  nearly  thirty  years  as 
University  Librarian. 

Powell  initiated  and  participa- 
ted in  many  changes  during  these 
years  at  Duke.  The  staff  tripled 
during  his  administration,  as  did 
the  size  of  the  building.  Staff 
members  took  an  increasingly  ac- 
tive role  in  the  governance  of  the 
Library.  The  holdings  grew  from 
875,000  volumes  in  1946  to  more 
than  2.6  million  in  1975.  During 
that  same  period  the  number  of 
manuscripts  increased  from 
975,000  to  more  than  4,500,000. 

Space  for  the  collection  and  the 
staff  was  frequently  an  issue  in 
those  years,  as  it  is  today.  The 
library  building  that  had  been 
built  in  1930  was  only  half  as  big 
as  what  had  been  planned.  Before 
the  1949  addition  was  added, 
books  were  stored  in  basements 
around  campus  and  in  the  Wom- 
an's College  Library.  In  1946 
Powell  suggested  to  President 
Robert  L.  Flowers  that  a  new 
building  be  constructed  rather 
than  an  addition  to  the  1930 
building.  Flowers  replied  that  he 
and  James  B.  Duke  had  agreed 
that  the  library  should  go  on  the 
corner  of  the  quadrangle  and  that 


if  the  library  didn't  want  the  $1.5 
million  he  would  give  it  to  Medi- 
cal School.  Needless  to  say, 
Powell  took  the  money.  And  he 
immediately  started  planning  the 
next  addition  (Perkins  building). 

Benjamin  Powell  was  the  first 
President  of  the  American 
Library  Association  (1959/1960) 
from  a  Southern  university.  He 
was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  the 
Durham  County  Library  from 
1962  to  1976. 

THE  DUNSPAUGH-DALTON 
ENDOWMENT  FUND 

The  Dunspaugh-Dalton  Endow- 
ment Fund  was  established  in 
1979  through  William  A.  Lane, 
Jr.,  a  graduate  of  the  Duke  class 
of  1944.  Lane  is  a  very  active  and 
loyal  supporter  of  Duke.  He 
presently  serves  as  a  member  of 
the  Duke  Board  of  Trustees. 

Expressing  his  support  for  the 
Library,  Lane  stated  several  years 
ago, 

"Our  trustees  were  impressed 
with  the  need  we  found  in  the 
Duke  Library.  We  also  saw  the  ex- 
tent to  which  the  economy  is 
threatening  libraries  nationally.  At 
Duke,  the  library  is  the  real 
center  of  the  University.  Helping 
the  library  is  getting  down  to  bas- 
ics. Endowment  support  for  the 
Library  goes  back  to  the  one's 
and  two's  —  blocking  and 
tackling."1 

Lane  is  the  President  of  the 
Dunspaugh-Dalton  Foundation, 
Inc.  The  Foundation  was  created 
in  1963  in  Florida  through  the 
will  of  Ann  V.  Dalton.  It  awards 
grants  primarily  for  education, 
particularly  higher  education; 
health  associations  and  hospitals; 
and  social  service  and  youth 
agencies.  It  also  supports  cultural 


programs  and  civic  affairs.  It  pro- 
vides funds  for  general  purposes, 
capital  improvements,  fellow- 
ships, and  scholarship  funds. 

The  terms  of  the  Dunspaugh- 
Dalton  Endowment  Fund  are 
quite  broad.  The  income  from  the 
fund  may  be  used  for  support  of 
Library  programs.  It  has  been 
used  to  purchase  books,  computer 
equipment,  and  furniture,  as  well 
as  to  cover  miscellaneous  Library 
expenses,  such  as  electrical  wir- 
ing, charges  for  shipping  and  cus- 
toms handling  on  foreign  books, 
and  the  expenses  of  moving  gift 
collections  to  Duke.  Because  of 
the  breadth  of  its  terms,  the  en- 
dowment has  helped  the  Library 
obtain  many  necessities  that 
otherwise  could  not  have  been 
purchased. 

JOHN  M.  AND  SALLY  V. 
BLALOCK  BEARD 
ENDOWMENT 

The  John  M.  and  Sally  V.  Blalock 
Beard  Endowment  was  created  in 
1986  by  Sally  Beard.  The  use  of 
the  income  from  the  fund  is 
limited  to  acquisitions  in  the 
areas  of  the  history  of  the  United 
States,  economics,  and  Southern 
writers. 

Beard  graduated  from  Duke  in 

1928,  a  year  early.  She  earned  an 
M.A.  in  Latin,  also  from  Duke,  in 

1929.  She  was  the  women's  sin- 


Mary  Duke  Biddie  s 
generosity  helped 
develop  the  Library  into  a 
research  facility. 

gles  tennis  champion  in  1927. 
During  her  senior  year  she  was 
chairman  of  the  program  commit- 
tee of  The  Forum, 
the  girls'  Latin  Club. 

Beard  has  a  spe- 
cial love  for  books 
and  a  strong  belief 
in  their  importance 
to  education, 
whether  formal  or 
informal.  She  be- 
lieves that  reading  is 
vital  and  that  a  per- 
son could  become 
very  well  educated  by  reading 
widely. 

She  chose  to  support  research 
in  history  and  Southern  writers 
because  she  feels  that  the  South 
has  been  romanticized  in  the  past 
and  its  history  inaccurately  repre- 
sented. She  believes  that  many 
people  have  an  erroneous  impres- 
sion of  the  South.  It  is  her  hope 
that  the  endowment  funds  will  al- 
low the  Library  to  obtain  materi- 
als that  will  convey  a  true  picture 
of  the  South  and  its  past.  = 

]Duke:  To  Cross  A  Threshold;  The 
Capital  Campaign  for  the  Arts  & 
Sciences  (Durham,  N.C.:  Duke 
University,  n.d.),  p.  41. 


PRESERVATION  AT  DUKE 
LIBRARIES:  HOW  DO  WE 
FACE  THE  CHALLENGE? 

CONNIE  KEARNS  MCCARTHY 
ASSISTANT  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIAN 
FOR  COLLECTION  MANAGEMENT 


These  items  are 
representative  of  the 
many  slowly  decaying  in 
the  Library's  stacks. 


Preserving  the  content  of  the 
world's  research  libraries  is  the 
current  "hot"  challenge  facing 
the  library  profession  today. 
Librarians  have  been  aware  of  the 
issue  for  some  time.  The  con- 
sciousness of  the  general  public, 
however,  is  still  being  raised.  A 
recent  showing  on  PBS  of  the 
film  "Slow  Fires"  highlighted  and 
brought  public  attention  to  the 
physical  state  of  the  millions  of 
volumes  currently  deteriorating  in 
the  libraries  of  the  world. 

What  is  the  size  of  this 
problem  and  how  are  libraries 
such  as  Duke  meeting  the 
challenge? 

The  preservation  problem 
receiving  the  most  attention  is 
embrittled  paper.  In  general, 
paper  manufactured  before  1850 
tended  to  be  of  rag  content,  un- 
touched by  the  harmful  chemicals 
and  machine  processes  used  in 
current  paper  production.  As 
paper  manufacturing 


"progressed,"  adopting  the  use  of 
wood  pulp  and  chemical  proces- 
sing, the  stage  was  set  for  future 
chemical  reactions  of  the  paper 
to  the  library  environment.  The 
processes  of  making  paper  from 
wood  pulp  left  impurities  that 
broke  down  into  acids,  producing 
the  highly  destructive  acidic 
paper  that  is  the  main  source  of 
the  problem. 

In  addition,  as  the  paper  indus- 
try developed,  compounds  were 
included  to  add  body  to  the  paper 
and  prevent  feathering  of  the  ink. 
This  addition  of  alum-rosin  "size" 
containing  sulfuric  acid  further 
set  the  stage  for  paper  deterio- 
ration. 

Acid  from  chlorine  bleach,  un- 
purified  wood  pulp,  and  alum- 
rosin  sizing  contribute  to  the  de- 
terioration of  paper.  Coupled  with 
less  than  satisfactory  temperature 
and  humidity  control  in  libraries, 
these  ingredients  produce  the  de- 
cay of  paper. 


An  increasing  number  of  paper 
manufacturers  now  produce  alka- 
line paper.  The  publishing  indus- 
try, however,  represents  only  a 
small  portion  of  the  overall  indus- 
try. Of  the  total  paper  production, 
only  1%  is  used  in  book  produc- 
tion. Converting  to  the  production 
of  alkaline  paper  is  expensive. 
For  1  %  of  the  market,  the  ex- 
pense seems  to  be  too  great.  It  is 
estimated  that  less  than  15%  of 
the  paper  used  in  book  produc- 
tion today  is  acid-free.  Thus  near- 
ly 90%  of  the  new  books  coming 
into  a  library  are  still  printed  on 
acidic  paper. 

Funded  by  the  National  Endow- 
ment for  the  Humanities,  with  ad- 
ditional support  from  the  Andrew 
W.  Mellon  Foundation,  a  major 
three-year  study  was  carried  out 
at  the  Yale  University  Libraries 
beginning  in  1979.  This  study  has 
yielded  the  most  reliable  and 
comparable  data  for  research 
libraries.  For  the  study  36,500 


volumes  were  chosen  from  the 
7,725,424  then  in  the  collection. 
Results  of  the  study  showed  that 
37.1  %  of  Yale's  collections  had 
brittle  paper.  (If  the  edge  of  a  brit- 
tle page  is  folded  it  will  break 
off.)  Moreover,  82.6%  of  the 
books  had  acidic  paper. 

Duke  libraries  (excluding  Law, 
Medical,  and  Business),  as  of 
June  30,  1987,  had  3,083,250 
volumes.  While  the  collections  of 
the  Duke  libraries  would  certainly 
be  classified  as  adolescents  in 
comparison  to  Yale's,  they  would 
not  be  all  that  dissimilar  in 
representing  the  broad  spectrum 
of  research  publications,  both 
domestic  and  foreign,  published 
since  the  sixteenth  century.  Yale's 
collections  have  been  built  steadi- 
ly over  two  centuries.  Duke's 
library  was  built  by  massive  pur- 
chases of  retrospective  materials, 
particularly  European,  in  the 
1930s  and  1940s.  The  difference 
is  a  matter  of  scale.  A  comparable 
survey  at  Duke,  as  at  any  other 
large  research  library,  would  no 
doubt  reveal  a  similar  rate  of 
paper  embrittlement. 

Books  printed  from  the  early 
1800s  through  the  1950s  are 
generally  now  in  some  state  of 
embrittlement.  The  materials 
with  the  greatest  degree  of  deteri- 
oration are  those  published  from 
1860  to  1930.  In  fact  the  Yale 
study  indicated  that  the  paper  of 
nearly  80%  of  the  books  pub- 
lished after  1860  is  brittle.  The 
high  percentage  of  embrittled 
books  does  not  decrease  until 
1940  or  1950. 

There  will  never  be  enough 
money,  staff  and  resources  to 
preserve  everything  that  is  em- 
brittled in  each  library.  How, 
then,  do  we  proceed  to  manage 
this  problem? 

Solutions  may  be  found  in  col- 
laboration among  libraries,  and  in 


reasonable  selection  decisions. 

The  only  current,  proven 
preservation  technique  for  books 
that  are  too  brittle  to  be  kept  in 
their  current  state  is  preservation 
microfilming,  filming  done  under 
very  exacting  specifications  to 
meet  preservation  standards.  This 
type  of  filming  may  cost  from  $21 
to  $92  per  item.  To  get  some  idea 
of  the  tremendous  costs  involved, 
multiply  this  cost  per  item  by  the 
many  thousands  of  brittle  items 
in  libraries.  While  federal  and  pri- 
vate sources  have  provided  major 
grants  for  projects  over  the  past 
several  years,  this  funding  has  co- 
vered only  a  small  percentage  of 
the  collections  in  need  of  treat- 
ment. Local  and  regional  funding 
initiatives  are  needed  to  provide  a 
base  for  preservation  activities. 
The  home  institution  can  ill  af- 
ford additional  costs  for  preserva- 
tion as  it  struggles  to  meet  the 
library's  extraordinary  needs  for 
monies  with  which  to  purchase 
current  subscriptions  (see  The 
Serials  Crisis:  Background  and 
Response  in  this  issue). 

Although  other  technologies 
are  being  explored  for  preserva- 
tion, including  computer  storage 
on  optical  discs,  microfilm  is  cur- 
rently the  archival  choice.  Preser- 
vation microfilming  equipment, 
however,  is  costly.  Often  libraries 
share  preservation  equipment  and 
facilities  on  a  regional  basis.  Sen- 
sible from  the  standpoint  of  eco- 
nomics and  staffing,  this  solution 
does  not  totally  remove  the  need 
to  have  some  filming  done  onsite, 
particularly  of  materials  in  high 
demand  or  rare  items. 

Just  as  our  bibliographers 
select  appropriate  new  materials 
to  add  to  the  collections,  they  will 
need  to  determine  what  materials 
should  be  preserved  now  for  the 
use  of  Duke's  current  and  future 
clientele.  Many  of  the  books  will 


"speak  for  themselves."  High  de- 
mand books  that  are  brittle  be- 
come first  priority  for  preserva- 
tion treatment.  At  the  other  end 
of  the  spectrum,  rare  or  unique 
materials  that  may  have  little  use 
may  be  candidates  for  preser- 
vation. 

Possibly  the  greatest  challenge 
is  the  intellectual  one  of  deciding 
what  should  be  saved.  It  would  be 
much  easier  to  have  all  the 
money  needed  and  to  proceed 
systematically 
through  the  collec- 
tions, reformatting 
or  filming  materials 
that  are  already  brit- 
tle. But  to  do  so 
would  be  irresponsi- 
ble. Libraries  need 
to  share  their 
meager  resources  on 
a  regional  and  national  basis. 
They  need  to  use  bibliographic 
databases  to  identify  materials  al- 
ready filmed  at  other  institutions. 
Resources  can  then  be  used  to 
microfilm  titles  unavailable  on 
film. 

Faculty  and  other  scholars  can 
help  determine  what  should  be 
saved.  Just  as  they  help  make  the 
initial  decisions  in  selection,  they 
can  help  determine  what  publica- 
tions in  a  subject  field  should  be 
filmed  for  the  next  generation  of 
scholars. 

In  the  next  few  years  the 
libraries  will  need  their  as- 
sistance to  develop  rational  pre- 
servation strategies  on  a  local, 
regional,  and  national  basis.  The 
problem  at  Duke  is  not  unlike 
that  at  Yale.  To  ensure  access  to 
our  printed  heritage,  librarians, 
faculty,  and  students  must  devel- 
op reasonable  strategies  to  meet 
the  preservation  challenge.  = 


PUBLIC  INFORMATION: 
THE  JOURNEY  TO 
PRIVATIZATION 

MARIE  CLARK 
HEAD.  PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS/ 
MAPS  DEPARTMENT 


Privatization.  A  20th  century 
word.  A  word,  perhaps,  just  of 
this  decade.  Privatization  of  pris- 
ons, privatization  of  transporta- 
tion systems,  privatization  of 
health  care  and  municipal  serv- 
ices. Privatization  of  government 
information  -  public  informa- 
tion. What  does  it  mean?  Whom 
does  it  affect?  Who  cares? 

ITEM:  A  200-page  publication, 
Consumer  Demand  in  China:  A 
Statistical  Factbook,  was  prepared 
by  the  U.S.  Census  Bureau  in 
1986;  the  volume  includes  a  tele- 
phone number  to  call  at  the  Cen- 
sus Bureau  in  Washington,  D.C., 
for  additional  information.  This 
publication  is  available  only  from 
Westview  Press,  a  commercial 
publisher,  for  $35.00. 

ITEM:  The  USSR  Energy  Atlas. 
available  from  the  Government 
Printing  Office  for  $16.25,  was 
reprinted  by  Jones  and  Bartlett 
Publisher,  Inc.  of  Boston,  re-titled 
Energy  Atlas  of  the  USSR,  and 
sold  for  $57.50. 

ITEM:  A  monthly  periodical, 
Shock  and  Vibration  Digest,  is- 
sued by  the  U.S.  Naval  Research 
Laboratory  and  distributed  free  to 
depository  libraries  until  1987,  is 
now  available  only  from  the 
Vibration  Institute,  a  private  or- 
ganization, for  $200.00  a  year. 


ITEM:  TOP  (Trade  Opportunities 
Program)  Bulletin  was  available  to 
depository  libraries  free  of  charge 
until  October  1987.  Now  the  data- 
base has  been  turned  over  to  the 
Journal  of  Commerce,  a  commer- 
cial publication.  Price:  $175.00  a 
year. 

ITEM:  The  U.S.  Census  Bureau 
computer  tape  of  zip  code  infor- 
mation compiled  via  the  1980  de- 
cennial census  was  turned  over 
("lent")  to  CACI  Source  Products, 
a  commercial  publisher,  who  "en- 
hanced" the  database,  produced  it 
in  book  form  as  Sourcebook  of 
Demographics  and  Buying  Power 
for  Every  Zip  Code  in  the  U.S.A. 
and  sold  it  to,  among  others, 
depository  libraries  that  should 


have  received  the  information  free 
along  with  other  1980  census 
materials.  Price  for  the  one 
volume:  $675.00.  A  companion 
volume,  with  zip  code  maps, 
costs  $200.00. 

Privatization  is  the  selling  of 
public  government  information  by 
the  private  sector  for  a  profit. 

Historically,  public  information 
has  been  disseminated  to  Ameri- 
can citizens  through  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  (GPO),  the 
National  Technical  Information 
Service  (NTIS),  and  directly  by  ex- 
ecutive agencies  such  as  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  and 
the  National  Institutes  of  Health. 
Publications  printed  or  distribut- 
ed by  the  GPO  are  sent  free  to 


The  Paperwork  Reduction 
Act  of  1980  authorized 
the  Office  of  Management 
and  Budget  (OMB)  to 
issue  regulations 
developing  and 
implementing  federal 
information  policy. 


nearly  1,400  libraries  in  the  Unit- 
ed States  under  the  Congression- 
ally  mandated  Federal  Depository 
Library  Program.  This  program 
originated  in  an  1812  Joint  Reso- 
lution of  Congress  and  was  for- 
mally authorized  by  the  Congress 
in  1859.1  In  1869  the  position  of 
Superintendent  of  Public  Docu- 
ments was  established,  charged 
with  the  duty  of  "packing  and 
distributing"  public  documents  to 
depository  libraries  and  to  vari- 
ous officials.2  The  categories  of 
materials  distributed  to  deposito- 
ry libraries  increased  with  the 
Printing  Act  of  1895,  which  also 
authorized  the  creation  of  the 
Monthly  Catalog  to  establish  ef- 
fectively a  systematic  program  for 
bibliographic  control  of  materials 
printed  by  the  GPO.3  The  Deposi- 
tory Library  Act  of  1962  specifi- 
cally enumerated  the  roles  and 
responsibilities  of  both  the 
government  and  the  depository 
libraries,  thereby  strengthening 
the  original  legislation.  This  ena- 
bling legislation  is  codified  in  Ti- 
tle 44,  United  States  Code,  1901 
et.  seq.  In  the  Code  "government 
publication"  is  defined  as  "infor- 
mational matter  which  is  pub- 
lished as  an  individual  document 
at  Government  expense,  or  as  re- 
quired by  law."4  The  Code  states 
that  these  publications  "shall  be 
made  available  to  depository 
libraries  through  the  facilities  of 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents 
for  public  information" 5  and  that 
"Depository  Libraries  shall  make 
Government  publications  availa- 
ble for  the  free  use  of  the  general 
public."6  (italics  mine) 


Duke  University  Library  has  been 
a  federal  depository  library  since 
1890.  Since  that  time  it  has 
received  well  over  one  million 
federal  documents  which  serve  as 
rich  research  materials  for  faculty, 
students,  and  staff  at  Duke.  These 
materials  include  Congressional 
hearings,  documents,  and  reports; 
the  Public  Laws  of  the  United 
States;  Presidential  messages  and 
commission  reports;  executive 
agency  publications,  such  as  the 
Digest  of  Education  Statistics  and 
the  Government  Information 
Manual;  Internal  Revenue  Service 
informational  brochures;  medi- 
care program  pamphlets;  and  the 
written  opinions  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  Under  the  Federal  Deposi- 
tory Library  Program,  the  Public 
Documents/Maps  Department  in 
Perkins  Library  provides  free  pub- 
lic access  to  the  documents  it 
receives  from  the  Government 
Printing  Office. 

The  growing  trend  towards 
privatization  of  public  informa- 
tion is  of  great  concern  to  public 
documents  librarians  and  to 
many  others  across  the  nation. 
Since  1981  the  American  Library 
Association  has  issued  a  publica- 
tion entitled  Less  Access  to  Less 
Information  By  and  About  the 
U.S.  Government,  a  chronology 
which  points  to  the  current  ad- 
ministration's diminishing  role  in 
providing  free  public  access  to  in- 
formation by  and  about  itself.  The 
dramatic  increase  in  the  price  of 
public  information  when  it  be- 
comes a  commodity  of  the  pri- 
vate sector  is,  of  course,  a 
significant  concern  for  libraries 
like  Perkins;  the  examples  noted 
above  add  up  to  over  $1,300  for 
just  a  few  items,  the  tip  of  a  fiscal 
iceberg  whose  size  is  unknown 
and  growing. 


Over  150  years  ago  James 
Madison  wrote: 

A  popular  government,  without 
popular  information,  or  the 
means  of  acquiring  it,  is  but  a 
Prologue  to  a  Farce  or  a  Tragedy; 
or,  perhaps  both.  Knowledge  will 
forever  govern  ignorance;  and  a 
people  who  mean  to  be  their  own 
Governors  must  arm  themselves 
with  power  which  knowledge 
gives.7 

What  happens  when  the  "popular 
information"  becomes  a  commer- 
cial product  of  the 
private  sector  and 
the  "means  of  ac- 
quiring it"  are  too 
costly  for  the  aver- 
age citizen  —  or  for 
libraries?  How  did 
this  situation  come 
about,  what  are  the 
implications  of  it, 
and  what  does  the 
future  hold? 

The  privatization  process  began 
with  the  Paperwork  Reduction  Act 
of  1980.  Enacted  "to  reduce 
paperwork  and  enhance  the  econ- 
omy and  efficiency  of  the  govern- 
ment and  the  private  sector  by 
improving  Federal  information 
policymaking,"8  this  act  has  been 
used  by  the  Reagan  administra- 
tion effectively  to  authorize  the 
Office  of  Management  and  Budget 
(OMB)  to  develop  and  implement 
Federal  information  policies. 
Fueled  by  the  recommendations 
of  the  President's  Private  Sector 
on  Cost  Control,  OMB  has  consis- 
tently pushed  the  executive  agen- 
cies —  the  Departments  of 
Education,  Health  and  Human 
Services,  etc.  -  to  disseminate 
their  information  through  private 
vendors.  Further,  agencies  must 
meet  OMB's  rigorous  —  and  un- 


ftbe  journal  of  Commerce  H 


375    NO  26.650 


,  JANUARY  25,  1988 


Week  Ahead 


ONE  DOLLAR 


Many  Box  Lines  ^  |  Volume  May  Join  Value 
In  Trade  Data  Reports 


Pick  Panama  Canal 
Over  Intermodi 

B,  Bill  moncelluzzo   — 


Plan  Would  Offer  Better  Indical 


I    Mfl  M  fO 


44  4' 


TOP  TOP 


TC  TC 


77/v 


In  1987  the  Commerce 
Department  turned  over 
its  database  for  Top 
Bulletin,  a  publication 
distributed  free  to 
depository  libraries,  to 
The  Journal  of 
Commerce,  a  commercial 
publication  costing  $175 
a  year. 


realistic  -  information-gathering 
standards  by  submitting  annual 
budgets  for  the  collection  of  pub- 
lic information  for  the  succeeding 
twelve  months,  showing  that  the 
information  to  be  collected  has 
"practical  utility."  "Practical  utili- 
ty," according  to  0MB,  means 
"not  merely  the  theoretical  or 
potential  usefulness  of  informa- 
tion" but .  .  .  that  actual  uses 
can  be  demonstrated."9 

It  is  especially  in  OMB's  Circu- 
lar A-130,  issued  on  December  24, 
1985,  that  the  current  administra- 
tion's policies  sweep  aside  the 
historic  precedent  of  free  access 
to,  and  dissemination  of,  public 
information.  The  Circular  states, 
".  .  .  the  expected  public  and  pri- 
vate benefits  derived  from  govern- 
ment information  .  .  .  should 
exceed  the  public  and  private 
costs  of  the  information."10  It 
directs  the  agencies  to  rely  on  the 
private  sector  for  the  dissemina- 
tion of  government  information, 
and  to  recover  costs  through  user 


charges.  Representative  Major  R. 
Owens,  a  librarian  serving  in  the 
U.S.  House  of  Representatives, 
commented  on  the  release  of  Cir- 
cular A-130:  "The  choice  of 
Christmas  Eve  Day  served  to  limit 
news  coverage  while  answering 
those  of  us  who  follow  informa- 
tion issues,  that  the  Grinch  of  In- 
formation was  alive  and  well  and 
stealing  the  spirit  of  free  access 
which  is  vital  to  a  democracy.  In 
short,"  said  Owens,  "profitable 
privatization  of  public  informa- 
tion is  the  order  of  the  day."11 

Agencies,  constrained  by  the 
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings  budget 
reduction  requirements,  find  it 
easier  to  reduce  costs  than 
demonstrate  "potential  useful- 
ness." More  and  more  agencies 
are  utilizing  computers  for  data 
collection,  storage,  and  retrieval, 
and  contracting  with  private  ven- 
dors to  disseminate  the  informa- 
tion gathered  at  taxpayers' 
expense.  The  private  sector  is  not 
obligated  to  provide  access  to  this 
information  at  a  price  the  public 
can  afford.  The  Information  In- 
dustry Association's  view  is  that 


".  .  .  information  policy  is  deter- 
mined by  the  laws  of  economics." 
The  commercial  information  ven- 
dors that  make  up  the  Informa- 
tion Industry  Association  (II A) 
have  seen  the  success  of  their 
lobbying  efforts  in  Washington. 
As  Robert  S.  Williard,  Manager  of 
Government  Markets  at  Mead 
Data  Central,  Inc.,  stated,  "It  is  a 
matter  of  public  record  that  the 
Information  Industry  Association 
has  generally  been  pleased  with 
the  OMB  (A-130)  Circular."12 

But  what  happens  if  the 
product  taken  over  by  the  private 
sector  doesn't  make  a  profit? 
What  if  the  vendor  goes  out  of 
business?  What  about  private  self- 
interests?  And  what  about  the 
possibilities  of  information  being 
manipulated  for  political  ends? 
Not  only  the  possibility,  but  the 
probability,  exists  that  these  con- 
ditions will,  at  various  times,  in- 
fluence the  private  delivery  of 
public  information.  For  example, 
information  sometimes  just  disap- 
pears. The  Federal  Statistical 
Directory,  a  guide  to  information 
sources  in  the  Federal  govern- 
ment published  by  the  GPO  since 
1935,  was  turned  over  to  a  private 
vendor.  Cost  of  the  publication 
increased  by  550%;  it  survived 
for  just  one  edition,  published  in 
1984.  And,  of  course,  the  publica- 
tion was  no  longer  distributed 
free  to  depository  libraries. 

In  1984  then  Presidential  Coun- 
selor Edwin  Meese  III  and  Joseph 
Wright,  Deputy  Director  of  the 
Office  of  Management  and  Budg- 
et, staged  a  "media  event"  - 
they  were  photographed  stuffing  a 
trash  bag  with  public  documents 
at  a  White  House  briefing.  Meese 
that  day  announced  the  elimina- 
tion of  over  1,800  government 
publications  including  "Living 
With  Radiation,"  "School  Drug 


Abuse  Policy  Guidelines,"  "Es- 
timating Your  Social  Security 
Check,"  "The  Common  Liver 
Fluke  in  Sheep,"  and  "Controlling 
Bedbugs."  Ralph  Nader  comment- 
ed at  the  time,  "There's  nothing 
wrong  with  supplying  a  pamphlet 
on  bedbugs  to  the  poor  who  are 
most  likely  to  need  such  informa- 
tion and  least  likely  to  have  the 
money  to  pay  for  it."13  Not  to 
mention  that  the  information  in 
those  discarded  public  documents 
had  already  been  paid  for  by  pub- 
lic taxes  and  that  free  distribution 
of  the  information  was  but  the  fi- 
nal link  in  the  legislatively  man- 
dated public  access  chain. 

The  II A  states  that  it  does  not 
want  "unfair  competition"  from 
the  Government  Printing  Office  in 
supplying  information  products  to 
the  public,  whether  it  be  in  print, 
on  film,  online,  or  on  CD-ROM. 
But,  will  the  IIA's  information 
vendors  spend  hours  and  dollars 
to  publish  informational 
brochures  on  how  to  control  bed- 
bugs, or  how  to  calculate  social 
security  benefits,  or  how  a  farmer 
can  control  disease  in  sheep?  It's 
unlikely,  so  people  in  need  of  that 
information  will  go  without.  The 
IIA  raises  the  spectre  of  "unfair 
competition"  but  there  is  no  com- 
petition between  public  service 
and  the  profit-driven  marketplace. 

More  subtle  manifestations  of 
the  loss  of  access  to  public  infor- 
mation exist.  As  privatization  oc- 
curs, less  and  less  public 
information  is  accessible  through 
[he  Monthly  Catalog  of  U.S. 
Government  Publications,  the  bib- 
liographic control  apparatus  set 
up  by  the  Printing  Act  of  1895  to 
monitor  materials  printed  by  the 
GPO.  Thus,  not  only  is  the  priva- 
tized information  itself  out  of  the 
mainstream  of  public  government 
information,  but  the  means  used 
to  access  that  information  is  also 


by-passed.  Not  even  the  most 
astute  and  dedicated  documents 
librarian  will  find  it  in  the  nor- 
mal quest  of  a  reference  search. 
Further,  as  some  agencies,  like 
the  Census  Bureau,  make  plans 
to  download  great  quantities  of 
information  onto  CD-ROM,  they 
are  deliberately,  and  admittedly, 
leaving  it  up  to  the  private  sector 
to  develop  the  software  programs 
that  will  allow  the  user  to  access 
that  data.  Different  researchers 
will  obtain  different  results  from 
the  same  statistical  database,  de- 
pending upon  the  software  pack- 
age used  —  a  rather  stunning 
concept.  When  public  informa- 
tion is  published  by  the  private 
sector,  a  form  of  censorship 
results.  The  purpose  of  govern- 
ment dissemination  of  public  in- 
formation is  to  provide  access  to 
all  government  information,  ex- 
cepting those  materials  involving 
national  security.  Privatization 
means  selection  of  information 
that  is  profitable  to  the  vendor,  a 
process  that  screens  out  materials 
the  potential  user  will  never  be 
aware  of. 

Copyright  of  public  information 
is  yet  another  problem  of  privati- 
zation. For  years  government- 
funded  research  projects  have  re- 
quired the  researcher  to  deposit 
one  copy  of  the  results  of  that 
research  with  the  National  Tech- 
nical Information  Service  (NTIS). 
The  reports  have  been  available 
to  the  public  for  a  modest  fee  to 
cover  the  film  or  photoreproduc- 
tion  costs.  If  plans  by  the  Reagan 
administration  come  to  fruition, 
all  NTIS  reports  could  by 
copyrighted  in  the  future.  In  April 
1986  the  Office  of  Management 
and  Budget  issued  a  notice  in  the 
Federal  Register  indicating  its  in- 


tention to  privatize  NTIS.  This 
would  be  accomplished  by  selling 
all  or  portions  of  the  NTIS  to  one 
or  more  private  ven- 
dors or  by  discon- 
tinuing NTIS 
operations  altogether 
and  letting  the  pri- 
vate sector  fill  the 
void.  Many  questions 
were  raised  by  librar- 
ians, by  Congress, 
and  by  others  concerning  this 
proposal.  Who  would  benefit 
from  the  privatization  of  NTIS? 
Would  the  inventory  of  literally 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  scientif- 
ic and  technical  reports  now 
stocked  by  NTIS  be  maintained 
by  a  private  vendor?  Would  the 
reports  continue  to  be  available  at 
a  reasonable  price?  Opposition  to 
OMB's  proposal  has  been  intense 
and,  up  to  this  time,  has  prevent- 
ed the  proposal  from  going  into 
effect.  Yet,  despite  this  adverse 


The  Public 
Documents/Maps 
Department  in  Perkins 
Library  paid  over  $900  for 
these  four  commercially 
produced  volumes 
containing  government- 
produced  public 
information. 


L 


reaction,  OMB  included  in  the  FY 
1988  Budget  of  the  United  States 
Government  the  statement  that 
"In  1988,  the  private  sector  will 
be  offered  the  opportunity  to 
operate  NTIS  on  contract.  .  ." 

If  NTIS  is  privatized,  what  ac- 
cess will  there  be  to  those 
reports?  Currently,  NTIS  publish- 
es an  excellent  catalog  and  index 
which  is  free  to  depository 
libraries.  At  the  same  time,  the 
private  sector  offers  a  similar 


If  the  Office  of 
Management  and  Budget 
succeeds  in  its  plans  to 
privatize  the  National 
Technical  Information 
Service  (NTIS),  NTIS 
products  will  be  available 
only  from  commercial 
vendors. 


product  on  CD-ROM  which  costs 
an  annual  "license  fee"  of  $2,750 
and  which  accesses  only  the 
most  recent  four  years  of  reports. 
If  NTIS  is  privatized,  it  is  more 
than  likely  this  product  will  be 
the  only  bibliographic  access  to 
the  reports  and  that  the  publicly 
available  catalog  will  be  discon- 
tinued. 

Despite  the  obvious  costs  of 
privatizing  public  information, 
more  and  more  "public  servants" 
—  including  libraries  and  librari- 
ans -  are  being  drawn  like 
moths  into  the  incendiary  argu- 
ments of  the  Information  Industry 
Association.  The  Association  of 
Research  Libraries  (ARL)  recently 


issued  a  report  entitled  Technolo- 
gy and  U.S.  Government  Informa- 
tion Policies:  Catalysts  for  New 
Partnerships  (October  1987).  For 
the  first  time  librarians  seek  to 
accommodate  the  information  in- 
dustry in  the  arena  of  public  in- 
formation as  never  before.  The 
report  states:  "In  some  instances, 
there  is  no  compelling  reason  for 
government  involvement.  When 
the  government  has  no  particular 
advantage,  or  need,  to  gather  a 
given  set  of  information,  market 
forces  should  lead  to  an  appropri- 
ate array  of  private  information 
products."  The  report  categorizes 
public  information  into  sixteen 
different  combinations,  analyzing 
and  defining  how  information 
should  be  made  available  to  the 
public.  Who  will  actually  apply 
this  taxonomy  —  or  how  —  is 
not  stated.  In  its  focus  on  budget 
considerations,  the  report  goes  on 
to  say  that  "essential  to  undertak- 
ing an  effective,  long-term  view  of 
agency  information  programs  is 
identification  of  the  purposes  that 
the  information  content  serves 
.  .  ."  This  language  seems 
perilously  close  to  that  of  OMB's 
stipulation  that  agency  informa- 
tion collection  activities  will  be 
approved  —  or  not  —  based  on 
whether  the  information  has 
"practical  utility." 

The  on-going  intent  by  the  Rea- 
gan administration  to  privatize 
public  information  is  apparent  in 
its  continued  efforts  to  put  NTIS 
out  to  bid  to  commercial  vendors 
and  in  the  Public  Printer's  at- 
tempts, in  December  1987,  to 
offer  to  the  private  sector  data 
tapes  of  the  Congressional 
Record,  the  Federal  Register,  and 
other  information  sources  that 
provide  information  by  and  about 
the  government.  In  a  December 
10,  1987  letter  to  the  Joint  Con- 


gressional Committee  on  Print- 
ing, under  whose  aegis  the  GPO 
falls,  Ralph  Kennickell,  the  Public 
Printer,  wrote  that  these  "govern- 
ment provided"  data  tapes  would 
be  supplied  to  "the  successful  in- 
formation service  provider ...  at 
no  charge,  for  loading  onto  its 
own  computers.  The  information 
would  be  retrievable  on-line  from 
terminals  in  a  test  group  of 
depository  libraries,  where  infor- 
mation searches  would  be  con- 
ducted for  citizens  without 
charge."14  However,  the  number 
of  online  access  hours  to  availa- 
ble test  libraries  would  be 
limited. 

Also  in  December  1987  the 
General  Accounting  Office  sur- 
veyed a  sample  of  federal  infor- 
mation users  —  including  the 
Public  Documents/Maps  Depart- 
ment in  Perkins  Library  —  "to 
determine  their  current  and  fu- 
ture needs"  and  to  ascertain  the 
role  of  technology  in  supplying 
those  needs.  This  survey  was  con- 
ducted at  the  behest  of  the  Joint 
Congressional  Committee  on 
Printing;  results  will  become  part 
of  the  Office  of  Technology  As- 
sessment's study,  Technology 
Public  Policy  and  the  Changing 
Nature  of  Federal  Information 
Dissemination,  to  be  completed 
and  released  in  late  1988.  Ques- 
tion 13  of  that  survey  asks,  "as- 
suming that  there  would  be  no 
charge  other  than  the  online  ac- 
cess charge,  (italics  mine)  which 
of  the  following  charges  would  be 
the  maximum  hourly  on-line  ac- 
cess charge  that  your  library 
would  be  willing  to  pay?"  The 
prices  suggested  range  from  $1-9 
per  hour  to  $100  or  more  per 
hour.  Question  14  asks,  "assum- 
ing there  would  be  no  charge 
other  than  the  purchase  price  of 


the  CD-ROM,  (italics  mine)  which 
of  the  following  prices  would  be 
the  maximum  price  that  your 
library  would  be  willing  to  pay 
for  these  information  services  is- 
sued monthly?"  Those  prices 
range  from  $1-19  per  CD-ROM  to 
$1,000  or  more  per  CD-ROM.  The 
information  services  surveyed  are 
the  Congressional  Record,  Com- 
mittee Calendars  and  Bill  Status, 
the  Federal  Register,  agency 
reports,  a  comprehensive  index  to 
federal  information,  and  an  in- 
tegrated database  of  key  statistical 
series.  These  are  precisely  the  in- 
formation areas  the  ARL  report, 
in  its  effort  to  find  a  "partner- 
ship" with  the  private  sector, 
identifies  as  being  solely  the 
responsibility  of  the  public  sector: 
The  status  of  bills  before  Con- 
gress, information  about  tax  col- 
lections, budgets,  and 
expenditures  .  .  .  constitute  a 
class  of  information  essential  to 
our  citizenship  roles.  We  want 
voters  to  be  informed,  and  so  we 
want  to  subsidize,  via  tax  funds, 
general  access  to  this  information 
.  .  .  Our  democratic  institutions 
will  not  engender  trust  if  informa- 
tion about  their  activities  is  not 
broadly  distributed  and  con- 
veniently available.^ 

Clearly  the  privatization  of  pub- 
lic information  that  has  already 
occurred  and  that  is  planned  by 
OMB  reflects  a  policy  stance  that 
views  government  as  a  business 
rather  than  government  as  a  pub- 
lic service.  Gone  is  the  concept  of 
public  information  freely  dissemi- 
nated to  citizens  by  their  govern- 
ment, the  concept  of  public 
information  as  a  citizen's  right. 
Indeed,  the  spectre  of  obtaining 


information  by  and  about  the  U.S. 
government,  its  daily  conduct  and 
operation  only  through  the  "in- 
formation marketplace"  —  and 
perhaps  supplied  there  only  as 
long  as  it  is  commercially  profita- 
ble —  looms  large.  From  the 
Paperwork  Reduction  Act  of  1980 
to  dumping  public  documents 
into  garbage  bags,  to  applying  the 
blinders  of  "practical  utility"  and 
"potential  usefulness,"  to  public 
information  collection,  to  paying 
for  the  privilege  of  tracking  legis- 
lation through  the  U.S.  Congress 
or  reading  the  Congressional 
Record:  this  is  the  journey  of  pub- 
lic information  to  privatization. 
Information  becomes  the 
province  of  those  who  can  afford 
it;  a  nation  of  "information 
haves"  and  "information  have- 
nots."  Yes,  depository  libraries,  in- 
cluding Perkins,  will  have  to  buy 
government  information  that  the 
United  States  Code  states  they 
should  receive  without  cost  for 
the  free  use  of  the  general  public. 
But  it  seems  that  in  the  long  run 
the  dollars  required  may  be  by  far 
the  lesser  of  the  prices  U.S. 
citizens  will  have  to  pay  along  the 
way  and  at  the  journey's  end.  = 

'U.S.  Congress.  Joint  Committee  on 
Printing.  Government  Depository 
Libraries:  The  Present  Law  Govern- 
ing Designated  Depository  Libraries, 
98th  Congress,  1st  Session,  rev.  May 
1983.  (Washington,  D.C.:  Government 
Printing  Office,  1983),  p.  4. 
215  Stat.  292. 
328  Stat.  612. 
444  USC  1901. 
544  USC  1902. 
644  USC  1911. 

7James  Madison  in  a  letter  to  W.  T. 

Barry,  August  4,  1822. 

894  Stat.  2812. 

95  CFR  1320.4,  1320.7  q. 

1050  FR  52736. 

"Major  R.  Owens,  "Information  Un- 
der Siege:  The  Reagan  Administra- 


Inlormahon  Handling  Services 


i/ooo/oi  la 
wont 


it* 


/ 


MM? 


tion's  Federal  Information  Policy," 
Government  Information  Quarterly  3, 
no.  3:  275-276. 

12"Whose  Information  Is  It  Anyway? 
The  Privatization  of  Government- 
Produced  Information,"  Government 
Publications  Review  13:325. 
nDaily  Hampshire  Gazette  (North- 
ampton, MA),  January  7,  1984:  2. 
]4Less  Access  to  Less  Information  By 
and  About  the  U.S.  Government:  IX 
A  1987  Chronology  June-December. 
(Washington,  D.C.:  American  Library 
Association,  1987)  p.  1. 
^Technology  &  U.S.  Government  In- 
formation Policies:  Catalysts  for  New 
Partnerships.  (Washington,  D.C.:  As- 
sociation of  Research  Libraries, 
1987),  p.  5. 


The  Government  Printing 
Office  distributed  this 
commercial  microfiche 
product  through  the 
depository  library  system 
because  it  lacked  the 
facilities  to  produce  the 
fiche  itself.  The  vendor 
now  seeks  to  sell  the 
depository  libraries  the 
only  index  that  exists  to 
information  in  the  fiche. 


NOTABLE  ACQUISITIONS 


TUNING  UP  TO  SING  A 
PSALM 

The  Rare  Book  Room  has  ac- 
quired a  copy  of  The  Psalm 
Singer's  Assistant  by  Daniel  Bay- 
ley,  published  in  Newburyport 
around  1770.  With  it  is  bound 
The  Psalms,  Hymns  and  Spiritur- 
al  Songs  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testament:  faithfully  translated 
into  English  metre,  for  the  use, 
edification  and  comfort  of  the 
Saints  in  Publick  and  Private,  es- 
pecially in  New  England,  pub- 
lished in  Boston  by  Thomas  & 
John  Fleet  in  1762.  Containing 
sixteen  leaves  of  engraved  music 
in  diamond  shaped  notes,  the 
work  is  one  of  the  earliest  and 
rarest  American  tune  books. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  a  coppersmith, 
an  organist  and  teacher  of  music, 
and  a  printer.  The  organ  which 
he  played  as  organist  of  St.  Paul's, 
Newburyport,  was  the  first  pipe 


organ  introduced  in  America.  Ap- 
parently an  entrepreneur,  Bailey 
also  ran  a  bookstore  next  to  the 
church.  In  1770  he  set  up  his 
own  printing  shop.  The  book 
must  have  been  printed  at  this 
time;  the  first  of  the  engraved 
plates  has  a  note  on  the  bottom: 
"Printed  and  sold  by  Daniel 
Bailey  living  next  door  St.  Paul's 
Church." 

The  book  contains,  in  addition 
to  the  "Directions  for  Singing  as 
are  necessary  for  Learners,"  fifty- 
six  tunes,  all  set  for  three  voices, 
the  music  being  in  diamond- 
shaped  notes. 

It  was  customary  to  have  many 
of  these  early  tune  books  bound 
together  with  either  a  Bible  or  a 
Psalter,  as  was  this  one.  Such  an 
arrangement  was  logical  as  well, 
because  the  psalms  provided  the 
texts  for  the  music.  This  version 
of  the  Psalter  goes  back  to  the 
Bay  Psalm  Book  of  1640.  It  was 
the  last  edition  published  before 
this  version  was  superseded  by 
the  New  England  Psalter. 

The  early  owners  inscribed  the 
book  as  follows:  "Thomas  Pratt, 
his  book,  1771."  "A  New  Years  gift 
to  my  granddaughter  Anna  Pratt 
in  the  12th  year  of  her  age  and  in 
the  58  year  of  my  age  desiering 
that  we  may  both  spend  the  re- 
mainder of  our  days  in  the  serv- 
ice of  god.  Thomas  Pratt  January 
1,  1787."  "Elizabeth  A.  Brooks, 
from  her  grandmother,  Anna 
Pratt,  1840." 


CLASSIC  18TH  CENTURY 
WORKS 

The  Library  has  acquired  a  first 
edition  of  one  of  the  key  novels  of 
the  18th  Century,  Henry  MacKen- 
zie's  The  Man  of  Feeling  pub- 
lished in  London  in  1771.  It  is  a 
model  for  much  of  the  fiction  of 
"sensibility"  common  during  the 
next  generation.  Mackenzie  has 
produced  a  work  which  is  seen  as 
a  harbinger  of  the  tear-stained 
prose  that  was  to  dominate  En- 
glish fiction  for  the  next  thirty 
years. 

Thanks  to  the  generosity  of  one 
of  our  Friends  of  the  Library,  the 
first  edition  of  Samuel  Johnson's 
The  Prince  of  Abissinia  published 
in  London  in  1759  has  also  been 
added  to  the  collection.  The  two 
volumes  of  this  work  have  been 
bound  together  in  a  fine  contem- 
porary calf  binding. 

CARDINAL  WOOLSEY 

The  Library  has  obtained  one  of 
the  most  interesting  and  valuable 
specimens  of  biography  in  the 
English  language,  The  Negotia- 
tions of  Thomas  Woolsey,  The 
great  Cardinall  of  England,  Con- 
taining his  Life  and  Death,  viz.  1. 
The  Originall  of  his  Promotion. 
2.  The  Continuance  in  his  Mag- 
nificence. 3.  His  Fall,  Death  and 
Buriall,  composed  by  one  of  his 
owne  servants,  being  his 
gentleman-vsher,  by  George 
Cavendish.  This  first  edition  was 
published  in  1641  in  London  by 
William  Sheares.  Though  written 
in  1557,  it  was  not  considered 
safe  to  print  it  until  nearly  100 
years  later. 

The  work  parallels 
Shakespeare's  Henry  VIII,  some 
of  the  phrases  and  incidents  be- 
ing very  similar.  The  view  taken 


THOMAS  Y  Arch-Biihop  of  Yarkc  , 

Chancelovr  of  England  Cardinal  and  Legate  de 
Latere.  He  Died  at  Leicejtcr  Abty  .Anno  Dm  15  2.9  . 


the  2.pth  of  Xevcmhcr  . 


by  Cavendish  is  substantially  the 
same  as  that  of  Shakespeare.  It  is 
most  probable  that  Shakespeare 
had  read  the  Cavendish 
manuscript,  which  was  circulated 
widely  before  its  publication. 

FBI  FILES 

The  Library  has  acquired  two 
microfilm  sets  of  FBI  files.  The 
FBI  File  on  the  Black  Panther 
Party  —  North  Carolina,  on  two 
rolls  of  microfilm  with  a  guide, 
spans  the  years  1968  to  1976 
when  the  FBI  investigated  the 
threat  of  "seditious  conspiracy," 
as  perceived  by  the  Bureau  in  the 
"revolutionary  doctrine"  es- 
poused in  the  party's  publica- 
tions. The  investigation  traced  the 
efforts  of  the  party  to  establish 
chapters  and  a  statewide  organi- 
zation in  North  Carolina,  and  was 
fueled  by  an  increasing  number 


of  threats  and  violence  involving 
racial  matters  in  that  state.  Docu- 
ments in  this  file  are  mainly  sur- 
veillance reports  and  associated 
investigative  and  legal  memo- 
randa. Also  included  are  Black 
Panther  Party  publications,  tran- 
scriptions of  speeches  by  black 
militant  spokespersons,  digests  of 
FBI  phone  intercepts  at  party 
headquarters,  and  some  of  the 
party's  internal  records  and  cor- 
respondence. 

The  FBI  surveillance  and  dis- 
semination of  information  about 
Paul  L.  Robeson  and  his  associa- 
tion with  the  Communist  Party 
contributed  significantly  to  the 
ruination  of  his  stunning  career. 
The  FBI  File  on  Paul  L.  Robeson, 
Sr.,  two  rolls  of  microfilm,  con- 
tains all  the  material  in  the  file 
including  biographical  informa- 
tion about  Robeson's  wife,  Eslan- 
da  Cardoza  Goode,  and  her 
accomplishments;  news  clippings 
on  Robeson's  activities,  speeches, 
and  travels;  and  written  reports 
and  transcripts  of  telephone  con- 


versations recorded  by  field 
offices  of  the  FBI.  The  file,  closed 
in  1978,  ends  with  the  following 
letter  to  President  Carter  concern- 
ing the  records  of  the  Bureau  and 
the  American  government's  role 
in  Robeson's  "enforced  obscuri- 
ty": "[Paul  Robeson]  was  one 
great  human  being,  superior  in 
intellect  and  accomplishment. 
What  a  rare  instrument  was  his 
voice.  There  are  so  few  like  his 
that  it  is  a  shame  we  squelched 
it.  Truly,  he  was  an  early  black 
leader  and  paid  a  heavy  price  for 
his  convictions.  Can  we  not  now 
take  off  the  lid  and  let  his  great- 
ness rise?" 

RARE  ALDINE 
CHRONICLES  LIFE 
OF  JOHN  DUDLEY 

An  extremely  rare  Aldine,  Histor- 
ia  Delle  Cose  Occorse  Nel  Regno 
D"Inghilterra,  in  materia  del 
Duca  di  Nortomberlan  dopo  la 
morte  di  Odoardo  VI,  has  been 
added  to  the  Rare  Book  Room. 
Published  in  Venice  in  1558,  the 
book  is  a  primary  source  for  the 
life  of  John  Dudley,  Duke  of 
Northumberland  (1502-1553),  "one 
of  the  ablest  men  of  the  time  af- 
ter the  death  of  Henry  VIII."  The 
failure  of  his  attempt  to  have 
Lady  Jane  Gray  proclaimed 
Queen  resulted  in  his  trial  and 
condemnation  for  high  treason 
and  his  execution  on  Tower  Hill 
in  1553.  On  the  scaffold,  he 
avowed  himself  a  Catholic  and  at- 
tributed all  the  recent  troubles  of 
England  to  the  breach  with  the 
papacy.  Extraordinary  importance 
was  attached  at  the  time  to  his 
recantation  on  the  scaffold,  of 
which  several  manuscript  ver- 
sions are  extant,  and  books  ap- 
peared for  and  against  him  from 
the  Catholic  or  the  Protestant 
point  of  view.  ee 


HISTORI  A  DELLE  COSE 

OCCORSE  NEL  REGNO 


in  materia  del  Ducadi  N'otombcrlan 
dopo  la  mortcdi Odoardo  VI. 


NEL  L'ACADE  MIA  VENETIAN  A, 
M.    D.     L  V  I  I  I. 


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Duke  University 
Durham.  N.C.  27706  USA 


Gift  Records  Office  at  684-2338.  You  may  be  able  to  in- 
crease your  gift  through  a  matching  program.  If  your  com- 
pany has  a  policy  of  matching  charitable  gifts,  please 
obtain  a  form  from  your  employer,  fill  out  the  required 
information,  and  send  it  along  with  your  gift. 


JOIN  THE  FRIENDS 


Membership  levels  are: 
Life 
Patron 
Sustainer 
Member 


$1000  (over  5  years) 
500 
100 
25 


Library  Endowment  Funds 

Fund  name,  Year  established,  and  Purpose 


■ 

- 

■ 

Bassetl  Memorial  Fund.  1942 

- 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 


■ 


Dunspaugh-Dalton  Endowment  Fund.  1979 
(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

John  and  Eleanor  Thomas  Elliott  Library-  Fund.  1973 
(Upkeep  of  Thomas  Room.  East  Campus  Library) 

George  Washington  Flowers  Memorial  Fund.  1941 
(Southern  Americana) 

Friends  of  the  Library  Fund 
I  Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

William  Francis  Gill  Memorial  Fund.  1918 
(Books  in  the  field  of  Latin) 

Elizabeth  T.  and  William  B  Gosnell  Library  Endowment  Fund. 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

Charles  M.  and  Mary  D  Grant  Foundation  Book  Fund.  1975 
(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

Virginia  Gearhart  Gray  Endowment  Fund.  1976 
(American  History  Manuscripts) 

Wally  R.  Hackett  Fund.  1981 
(Psychology) 

William  B  Hamilton  Fund.  1965 
(Manuscripts  pertaining  to  British  and  Imperial  History) 

Evelyn  .1.  Harrison  Endowment  Fund.  1984 
(Support  of  East  Campus  Library) 

Stuart  C.  Henry  Endowment  Fund,  1975 
(History  of  Christianity  in  the  U.S.,  Divinity  School  Library) 

Eric  L.  Holsti  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1978 
(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

Jay  B  Hubbell  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1986 
(Materials  for.  and  support  of.  the  Jay  B  Hubbell  Center) 

Huckle  Library  Fund.  1980 
(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

Henry  H  Jordan  Memorial  Foundation.  1947 
(Support  of  the  Ministers  Loan  Library.  Divinity  School) 


All  contributions  to  The  Friends  of  the  Library  are  tax  deductible  as  provided  by  law. 


Name.  

Address   

City   State   Zip   Date   

Amount  $    Fund  Number*   

*lf  you  wish  to  allocate  your  dues  to  any  of  the  existing  funds  listed  below,  please  write  in  the  fund  number  The  Friends  of  the  Library  Fund  (no.  21)  supports  Friends'  activities,  publications,  and  library  book  purchases. 


34.  William  Arthur  Kale,  Jr.  Memorial  Fund,  1964 

(Fine  Arts  and  Religious  Musicology.  Divinity  School  Library) 

35.  Abram  and  Frances  Kanof  Collection  Endowment,  1986 

(Hebrew  iconography) 

36     Korman  Leadership  Fund,  1987 

(American  Presidency  Collection) 

37.  J.  Walter  Lambeth  Fund,  1966 

(International  Relations) 

38.  Karla  Langedijk  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1981 

(Rare  Books  on  Iconography  and  Emblematics) 

39.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Fund,  1970 

(Spanish  Colonial  History) 

40.  John  Tate  Lanning  Endowment  Collection  Fund,  1973 

(Ibero-American  Studies) 

41      John  and  Carol  McEachren  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 
(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

42.  Gertrude  Merritt  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

43.  Harvey  M.  and  Lenore  P.  Meyerhoff  Library  Fund,  1980 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

44.  Ormond  Memorial  Fund.  1924 

(Books  on  the  Rural  Church,  Divinity  School  Library) 

45.  Harold  T.  Parker  Book  Fund,  1978 

(European  History,  particularly  France,  15894815) 

46     Lucile  Parker  Fund,  1966 
(French  History) 

47.  T.  L.  Perkins  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1971 

(Rare  Books) 

48.  Benjamin  E.  Powell  Library  Endowment  Fund.  1975 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

49.  Lura  Abernethy  Rader  Library  Fund,  1979 

(Support  of  Library  Programs) 

50.  Arthur  G.  Raynes  Endowment  in  Imaginative  Writing,  1986 

(Contemporary  Literary  Manuscripts) 


51.  Floyd  M.  and  Marguerite  F.  Riddick  Endowment  Fund,  1983 

(Manuscripts  and  Related  Materials  pertaining  to  Legislative  and 
Parliamentary  Procedure,  American  Politics,  and  Public  Policy) 

52.  Alice  S.  and  Louis  H.  Roddis,  Jr.  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Manuscripts  Pertaining  to  the  History  of  Science  and  Tech- 
nology) 

53.  Steed  Rollins  Memorial  Library  Endowment.  1987 

(Rare  Books  in  American  and  English  Literature) 

54.  Rudolph  William  Rosati  Endowment  Fund,  1980 

(Promotion  of  Creative  Writing  Among  Undergraduates) 

55.  Mattie  Underwood  Russell  Endowment  Fund,  1985 

(Acquisitions  and  Preservation  of  Manuscripts  and  Manuscript 
Collections  pertaining  to  the  History  and  Culture  of  North,  Cen- 
tral and  South  America) 

56.  Jay  Rutherfurd  Living  History  Endowment  Fund,  1981 

(Video-Taping  for  the  Living  History  Program,) 

57.  Robert  S.  Smith  Memorial  Fund,  1971 

(Latin  American  and  Spanish  Economics) 

58.  Mary  Olive  Thomas  Endowment  Fund,  1984 

(Books  on  the  Italian  Renaissance) 

59.  Arlin  Turner  Library  Endowment  Fund,  1986 

(Rare  Books  in  American  Literature) 

60.  Walter  McGowan  and  Minnie  Daniel  Upchurch  Fund,  1971 

(Sacred  Music) 

61.  Aleksandar  S.  Vesic  Memorial  Book  Fund,  1985 

(Books  in  Engineering) 

62.  John  P.  Waggoner,  Jr.  Endowment  Fund,  1984 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 

63.  Gratton  Williams  Fund,  1920 

(Development  of  the  Library) 

64.  James  J.  Wolfe  Memorial  Fund,  and  Friends  of  the  Biology- 
Forestry  Library.  1921 

(Biological  Journals) 

65.  Lizzie  Taylor  Wrenn  Foundation  Fund,  1921 

(Unrestricted  Library  Book  Purchases) 


J.  WALTER  THOMPSON 
ARCHIVES  DONATED 
TO  DUKE 

The  nation's  oldest  advertising 
agency,  the  J.  Walter  Thompson 
Company,  has  donated  its  ar- 
chives to  the  Duke  University 
Library.  The  more  than  3  million 
items  that  arrived  at  Duke  just  be- 
fore Thanksgiving  include  diaries; 
correspondence;  and  research 
papers  from  the  company's  begin- 
nings, documenting  the  growth  of 
the  company,  the  advertising  in- 
dustry, and  the  expansion  of 
American  corporations  world- 
wide. The  archives  contain  more 
than  1.5  million  print  advertise- 


ments, both  from  J.  Walter 
Thompson  and  from  competing 
advertising  agencies.  J.  Walter 
Thompson  was  important  in  ear- 
ly radio  advertising  in  the  1920s 
when  the  scripts  as  well  as  the 
ads  were  written  by  advertising 
agencies.  Scripts  from  these  radio 
shows  are  included  in  the  ar- 
chives. Among  them  are  pro- 
grams for  Bing  Crosby,  Edgar 
Bergen,  Rudy  Vallee,  and  several 
radio  soap  operas.  The  J.  Walter 
Thompson  Foundation  will  pro- 
vide a  three-year  $100,000  grant 
to  support  the  processing  and 
maintenance  of  the  archives. 
The  collection  is  rich  in  its  var- 


TEIEPHONE 


I  ■//.  //,//  '//  ■/!,,/,.„ 

.  i, //?/<>/■/ 'Jb^*.  jlj*  /y.93 


iety.  It  includes  a  letter  from 
Eleanor  Roosevelt  refusing  to  en- 
dorse a  product  in  an  ad  cam- 
paign because  she  would  be 
identified  only  as  the  wife  of 
Franklin  Roosevelt.  The  research 
results  of  noted  behavioral  psy- 
chologist J.  B.  Watson,  who 
worked  for  the  company  and  who 
was  influential  in  the  application 
of  psychology  to  selling,  are  in- 
cluded. Only  the  Smithsonian  col 
lection  of  advertising  is  said  to 
rival  the  Thompson  archives  for 
variety  and  significance. 

The  archives  contain  important 
sociological  data,  as  well  as  data 
about  marketing  research  in  for- 
eign countries  and  anthropologi- 
cal data. 

Duke  was  one  of  a  half-dozen 
universities  applying  for  the  ar- 
chives. According  to  an  archivist 
at  J.  Walter  Thompson,  Duke  was 
chosen  as  the  recipient  because 
of  the  size  and  quality  of  its 


The  magazines  with 
which  the  firm  did 
business  and  the  owl,  its 
logo  in  its  early  days  and 
now  a  symbol  on  internal 
documents,  are  depicted 
on  J.  Walter  Thompson's 
stationery  of  1893. 


manuscript  department  staff,  its 
willingness  and  ability  to  make 
available  the  space  to  house  such 
a  large  archive  and  its  recognition 
of  the  potential  of  this  archive. 

PERKINS  LIBRARY  MAKES 
IT  17,000,000 

Perkins  Library  has  added  the  17 
millionth  record  to  the  OCLC 
database.  The  second  edition  of 
Captain  Shannon,  written  by 
Coulson  Kernahan  in  1897,  was 
cataloged  for  the  Rare  Book  Room 
in  November,  1987.  Though  staff 
members  in  some  OCLC  libraries, 
realizing  that  a  "millionth"  record 
is  approaching,  station  them- 
selves at  a  terminal  to  ensure 
their  inputting  it,  such  was  not 
the  case  at  Duke.  The  staff  were 
completely  unaware  of  their 
achievement  at  the  time. 

The  OCLC  database  is  seven- 
teen years  old,  and  growing  rapid- 
ly, as  shown  by  the  following 
statistics.  The  time  interval  be- 
tween millions  of  records  shrinks 
with  each  million  added. 

•  15  millionth-December  22, 

1986  (input  by  U.C-Berkeley) 

•  16  millionth— June  19,  1987 
(input  by  Wellesley) 

•  17  millionth— November  18, 

1987  (input  by  Duke) 
Captain  Shannon  is  part  of  a 

purchased  collection  of  150 
volumes  of  late  Victorian  and  Ed- 
wardian fiction.  The  works  were 
published  between  the  late  1870s 
and  the  1940s.  Most  of  the  books 
in  the  collection  are  works  of  fic- 
tion written  for  British  public 
school  boys,  many  by  the  same 
author.  The  plots  generally  pit  a 
good  boy  against  a  bad  boy,  each 
with  their  supporters.  Captain 
Shannon,  an  exception,  is  a  fic- 
tional work  for  adults.  The  books 
in  the  collection  have  fine  deco- 


rated cloth  bindings  with  illustrat- 
ed, unsigned  covers.  Many  of  the 
books  contain  colored  or  black 
and  white  plates. 

NEW  LIBRARY 
ENDOWMENT 

Henry  Taylor  of  Atlanta  recently 
established  the  Henry  L.  Taylor 
Library  Fund.  The  income  from 
this  endowment  may  be  used  at 
the  discretion  of  the  University 
Librarian  for  general  support  to 
the  William  R.  Perkins  Library. 

Taylor  is  a  Duke  alumnus.  Be- 
fore his  retirement  he  was  Vice- 
President  and  Secretary  of  the  At- 
lanta Transit  Company. 


LIBRARY  EXHIBITS 

Perkins  Library 

The  following  exhibits  will  be 
mounted  in  the  Perkins  Lobby  ex- 
hibit cases  during  the  summer: 
May-June:  Calligraphy,  present- 
ed by  the  Carolina  Lettering 
Arts  Society 

mid-August-September:  The  J. 
Walter  Thompson  Archives 

East  Campus  Library 
May:  Namesakes:  an  exhibit 
featuring  the  people  behind  the 
names  on  the  Duke  campus 
(e.g.,  Wannamaker,  Flowers, 
Trent)  = 


LETTER  FROM  THE 
LIBRARIAN 


'Wo  suggestions.  I  like  this  place. 
!  like  everything  about  this  place. 
Well,  almost  everything.  But  even 
the  things  I  don't  like,  I  sort  of 
like.  You  know?  I  mean,  some 
things  are  kind  of  endearing  in 
their  very  unlikability.  Like  this 
book,  for  instance.  Like,  you 
know  what  I  mean?" 

Perkins  Library  Suggestion  Book, 
9/24/85 

I  am  often  asked  why  so  many 
alumni  and  other  friends  support 
the  Library.  And,  of  course,  I  am 
always  tempted  to  wax  eloquent 
about  the  importance  of  the 
Library.  You  know  the  kind  of 
thing  1  mean: 

•  We  could  have  a  great  library 
without  a  university,  but  we  could 
not  have  a  great  university 
without  a  library. 

•  We  could  open  the  university's 
doors  without  a  faculty  and  still 
offer  the  wisdom  of  the  ages  be- 
cause of  our  library  holdings. 

•  The  library  is  an  enduring  rock, 
the  cornerstone  of  the  university, 
and  upon  it  the  university  has 
prospered. 


28 


Though  these  statements  may 
be  raised  to  slight  hyperbole,  all 
are  rooted  in  truth.  The  Library  of 
Duke  University  is  tremendously 
important  to  its  stability  and  well- 
being  as  an  institution  of  higher 
learning. 

The  question  of  giving  also  in- 
spires me  to  explain  what  a  great 
giving  opportunity  the  Library 
represents.  Imagine  the  diversity 
of  opportunities  for  support. 

•  Building  library  collections 
(new  and  rare  book,  manuscripts, 
films,  video) 

•  Conservation  and  preservation 
(saving  written  and  printed 
materials  for  the  sake  of  the  in- 
tellect and  the  culture) 

•  Technology  and  computers  (the 
application  of  new  methods  to 
the  process  of  storing  and  retriev- 
ing the  record  of  human 
knowledge) 

And  if  you  are  interested  in 
library  collections,  the  subjects, 
languages,  and  countries  covered 
include  practically  everything: 
economics,  geology,  public  policy, 
chemistry,  mathematics,  engineer- 
ing, art,  music,  classics,  Africa, 
Australia,  Japan,  French,  Polish, 
Spanish,  Ethiopic  to  name  a  few. 
No  matter  what  your  individual 
interests,  it  is  likely  that  you  can 
express  them  through  a  gift  to  the 
Library. 

1  am  even  able  to  say  with 
more  certitude  than  most  that  a 
gift  to  the  Library  provides  an  un- 
usually high  return  on  invest- 
ment. Books  and  other 
educational  materials  have  a 


Jerry  D.  Campbell 


unique  quality.  No  matter  how 
many  times  they  are  "consumed," 
they  maintain  their  full  value  for 
the  next  reader.  Library  materials 
are  like  automobiles  that  do  not 
depreciate  in  value.  Imagine,  an 
investment  that  brings  a  100% 
return  several  times  each 
semester. 

In  the  end,  however,  I  have  to 
confess  that  so  many  people  sup- 
port the  Library  of  Duke  Universi- 
ty just  because  they  love  it.  For 
alumni,  it  is  the  place  where  they 
spent  countless  hours  studying.  It 
was  always  there,  to  help  them 
through  the  tight  study  times.  It 
offered  the  materials,  the  neces- 
sary solitude  or  camaraderie,  the 
atmosphere.  Parents  of  students 
love  it  as  the  symbol  of  earnest 
learning.  No  need  to  worry  when 
their  students  are  in  the  Library. 
Friends  love  it  for  reasons  too 
numerous  to  record. 

"The  library  is  fantastic.  I  love  it. 
Upon  the  outset  of  writing  an  88 
page  term  paper  for  freshman 
Undergraduate  Writing  Course,  I 
found  all  20  sources  within  9.8 
seconds.  How  do  you  do  it?  I  love 
this  library." 

Perkins  Library  Suggestion  Book, 

11/25/85  = 


NONPROFIT  ORG. 
U.S.  POSTAGE 

PAID 
DURHAM,  N.C. 
PERMIT  NO.  60 


Do  Mot  Forward 

Address  Correction  Requested